Key points of green cultivation techniques of horseradish with high economic value and good benefit

Horseradish, also known as mountain vegetable, is a kind of spice with unique flavors such as fragrance, pungent, dry and sticky. It is a raw material for processing green mustard with high economic value. It is regarded as a treasure in Japan, Taiwan and other places. It has become the best partner for seafood and sweet but not spicy food.

Horseradish planting

1. Planting conditions of horseradish:

(1) temperature: the lowest is 8 ℃, the highest is 20 ℃, the optimum temperature is 15 ℃, the frost injury is 5 ℃ below zero, and the growth is restrained above 20 ℃.

(2) humidity: horseradish likes shade and wet, field capacity is 75%, relative humidity is 80% 90%, less than 70% or higher than 95% is not conducive to the growth of horseradish.

(3) selection of soil quality and field: sandy loam with sufficient water source, good irrigation and drainage conditions, 2000-2300 m elevation, good surrounding vegetation, 5-10 °slope, fertile and good air permeability. The optimum PH value of soil is 6 Mel 7, which is rich in organic matter and 5 mi 15 °on the gentle slope of the land. In order to prevent direct sunlight, a slightly backlit plot should be selected for planting.

(4) nutritional requirements: N:P:K=1:0.94:0.52.

2. Cultivation management:

(1) planting density and mode: the plant height of horseradish is about 25-65cm. In order to obtain high yield, the ridge cultivation with row spacing of 6 × 4 or 6 × 3 inches and 2.05-28000 plants per mu will pull the sunshade net and keep it shaded for a long time. Horseradish seedlings can be cultivated with their own roots, buds, seeds and so on.

1. Tillering seedlings: when harvesting, the seedlings from the roots and stems are harvested according to large, medium and small grades.

two。 Roots and seedlings: when harvested, the sturdy roots or fibrous roots (about 0.20cm or above) are cut and shallowly buried in the shady forest in autumn, and can be transplanted to the field after about 4 Mel for 6 months.

3. Seed breeding: the seeds are harvested from May to June. After the seeds are harvested, they must be cold treated for a period of time (about 100days). The cold storage temperature is 0Mu5 ℃, sow in October-November, germinate in February-March of the following year, and transplant in the field in autumn when they reach a certain height.

(2) fertilization technology: apply sufficient base fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, and the chicken manure treated by high temperature is the best, with 600 kilograms per mu. Compound fertilizer or calcium superphosphate should be used as topdressing in spring and autumn. Topdressing should not be applied directly on the root of horseradish, one circle around the 3cm outside the root, in order to prevent black rot and other diseases.

(3) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: horseradish likes shade and dampness, has a special birth environment, and is prone to all kinds of diseases and insect pests, and the most harmful one is black heart disease. Black heart disease is also known as ink disease, black spot disease, black shank disease, black rot, leaf ink spot disease. The field incidence rate is 100%, the diseased plant rate is 90%-100%, the field leaf incidence rate is 25%-70%, the loss is 30%-70%, and the garden can be destroyed in serious cases. The specific prevention and control methods are as follows.

1. Choose suitable plots. When the growth and development of horseradish is poor, black heart disease tends to occur frequently, so it is very important to choose the cultivation site. The site selection requires sandy loam with an altitude of 2000-2300 m, good surrounding vegetation, non-southward slope, sufficient water source, slope of 5-10 °, fertile and good permeability.

two。 Select disease-resistant varieties. At present, there are no varieties with obvious resistance to ink disease, but the green stem lines of Dagan No. 3 and Shizuoka Prefecture have strong disease tolerance.

3. The seedlings were used. Horseradish seedlings, such as mother plants with disease, the seedlings will also be infected, there must be wounds when collecting seedlings, so black heart disease is easy to spread in the operation. Seedlings only need to do a good job of seed disinfection and screening, pay attention to digging seedlings, will not bring too many wounds, its growth and development is good, so there are fewer infectious diseases.

4. Using disease-free and strong seedlings. Ramet seedlings should be taken from the disease-free mother plant, and carefully check whether the vascular bundles at the bottom of ramet seedlings have blackened, and those with black spots must be removed. When buying ramet seedlings, we should pay attention to the incidence of the disease in the place of origin. The use of seedlings, because the seeds can also be contagious, so when collecting seeds, the pods that become black from the seed shell should be removed.

Horseradish weeding

5. Pay attention to field hygiene. Weeds should be pulled frequently. If the height of weeds exceeds the height of wasabi, it will affect the growth of horseradish and aggravate diseases and insect pests. But do not weed in rainy days and high humidity in the morning. After weeding, a large number of micro-wounds caused by horseradish should be protected by spraying.

6. Scientific pest control. The pathogen of black heart disease invades from the wound, so the wound is an important cause of the disease, so it is also important to control pests such as Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, jumping beetle and slug.

7. Do a good job in water and fertilizer management. The disease is easy to occur when the surface temperature exceeds 20 ℃ in summer, so it is necessary to choose a good transplanting period and seal the stems and leaves before high temperature and drought as far as possible, which can effectively control weeds, maintain moisture and reduce the surface temperature. Plant trees for shade in places with strong sunshine, or use shade nets to shade, do a good job of fertilization and watering in spring and autumn, pay attention to balanced fertilization, less small seedlings and more big seedlings.

8. Shorten the growth period. The nature of the disease is easy to invade the aging part of the rhizome, so the rhizome should be expanded as soon as possible and harvested as early as possible to reduce the harm of the disease.

9. Reasonable rotation. Avoid continuous cropping as much as possible. Horseradish should be rotated with legumes or gramineous crops, preferably covered with green manure.

10. Pesticide control. Use 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 500 times liquid spray to protect prevention. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% hydantoin suspension was sprayed with 1000-1500 times liquid, once every 7-10 days, 3 times in a row.