Key points of raising asparagus seedlings in spring by centralized seedling transplanting to increase yield

The method of seedling transplanting to produce asparagus has a high emergence rate, which can save seeds, reduce costs, facilitate centralized management, control asparagus diseases and insect pests and cultivate strong seedlings, prolong the growth period of the same year and increase the yield of the following year. Directional planting according to the growth direction of asparagus can be carried out according to the growth direction of asparagus, which is convenient for management operations such as ridge cultivation and asparagus picking.

Asparagus seedling

First, cultivation season, sowing time: asparagus can be sowed in spring or autumn. Spring sowing from February to April, planting from April to June, bamboo shoots from the following spring, autumn sowing from August to September, planting from October to November, and bamboo shoots in the following autumn. According to the stubble and seedling conditions, the sowing time of asparagus can be pushed forward 60-80 days from the planting period.

Second, seedling land: select soil or sandy loam with loose soil, fertile soil and good air permeability, with watering and drainage conditions, open and ventilated environment, because asparagus and onion and garlic are both lily crops, in order to reduce diseases and insect pests, the former crop is not suitable for asparagus breeding or cultivation.

Third, seedling raising methods and nursery beds: there are mainly solar greenhouse seedlings, plastic arch shed seedlings, sunny border seedlings, open field seedlings and so on. It is recommended to use nutrition bowl to raise seedlings. When transplanting, the root injury is less and the survival rate is high.

1. Raising seedlings in solar greenhouse: the seedlings can be raised in a nutrition bowl, which should be ready before sowing. The diameter of the nutrition bowl is about 8~10cm. The nutritious soil was prepared with 30% garden soil, 35% ring fertilizer, 30% peat soil, 1.5% compound fertilizer, 0.5% urea, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 20% potassium chloride, sifted and bowled, and placed in the border. Before placement, use 4-5 kg phoxim per mu of seedbed, add appropriate amount of sand, mix it into medicinal soil, and sprinkle it on the seedbed to prevent underground pests. Plastic film mulching and grass mulching increased temperature 10-15 days before sowing.

2. Raising seedlings in small arch shed or sun bed: the sun bed can be made before winter, generally 1.5m wide and 10m 15m long, and the north wall is higher than the south wall 10cm. The seedlings can be raised in a nutrition bowl, and the preparation method of the nutrition bowl is the same as that in the solar greenhouse.

3. Raising seedlings in open field: applying rotten compost 3000kg to 5000kg per mu, Sakefu compound fertilizer 50kg, evenly ploughing 25cm, fine soil preparation and making beds 1.2 to 1.5m wide. Flatten the border surface, so that the soil is fine and the border surface is smooth. For planting white asparagus, 60 to 70 grams per mu, accounting for 20 to 30 square meters of seedling area, and 90 to 100 grams per mu for planting green asparagus, occupying an area of 30,40 square meters.

Fourth, soaking seeds to promote germination: asparagus seed coat is thick and hard, keratinization is strong, water absorption is difficult, germination is slow, in order to promote seed germination, it must be accelerated before sowing. Before sowing, you can dry the seeds for 1 or 2 days, then bleach the blighted seeds and moth-eaten seeds with clean water, soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim 300 times for 12 hours, soak the seeds in 30 ℃ ~ 35 ℃ warm water for 2 days, change water twice a day, wait for the seeds to absorb enough water, remove them in a basin, cover them with wet gauze or towels, or wrap them with wet gauze or towels, accelerate germination at a temperature of 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, rinse them with tap water 2 times a day. Sow seeds in time after germination.

5. Sowing: before sowing, the nursery bed in the nutrition bowl or the open nursery bed should be watered thoroughly, and after water infiltration, a thin layer of soil should be sprinkled, and the open nursery bed should be marked according to the row spacing of 10cm plants, or cut deeply into the square square of 10cm with a knife, and a germinated seed should be sown in the center of the square or nutrition bowl, and the soil should be covered with 2~3cm and covered with plastic film after sowing. It can also be sowed or ditched in the open field.

6. Nursery bed management: 1. Temperature: the suitable temperature for asparagus germination is 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃. The temperature of raising seedlings in small arch shed or sunny border should be 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ in daytime and 15 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ at night. After emergence, 25 ℃ in daytime, the lowest is not less than 8 ℃, the highest is not more than 30 ℃, more than 30 ℃, timely release. And gradually increase ventilation to adapt to the external environment. When the seedling has more than 3 aboveground stems, it can be planted.

2. Water and fertilizer: before emergence, the soil of the seedling bed should be kept moist, otherwise the seedling should be watered in time, and the root system of the seedling should be weak after emergence and watered in time during drought. When the seedling height is about 10cm, dilute organic liquid fertilizer can be applied once with water, such as fully mature human feces, urine or biogas liquid, urea and potassium chloride can also be applied with water, and topdressing at seedling stage for 2 to 3 times, so that seedlings can fully accumulate assimilated nutrients in the late growth stage to cultivate strong seedlings.

3. Ploughing and weeding: remove the plastic film immediately after emergence. After sowing uniform seedlings, it is necessary to sparse seedlings and keep the distance between seedlings 7~10cm. Weeding should be done frequently during the seedling raising period, and the soil should be ploughed and loosened in time. Properly cultivate the soil to make the scale buds develop sturdily and prevent the seedlings from lodging. When the seedlings reach the standard of planting seedlings, they can be planted. Planting standard: asparagus seedlings are about 0.3m high, with more than 3 aboveground stems and more than 5 underground stored roots.