Planting techniques of lotus root in shallow water, which is tolerant to fertilizer and not tolerant to drought.

Shallow water lotus root planting

1. The necessary environment for the growth and development of lotus root:

1. Temperature conditions. During the growth period, lotus root needs high temperature and sufficient sunshine. In the hot and rainy season, the temperature for sprouting is 15 ℃. At 20 ℃, lotus rhizome, fibrous root and standing leaves grow vigorously and blossom at 35 ℃. The optimum temperature for lotus root formation is 25 ℃, and the temperature drops to 15 ℃ and stops growing.

2. Water condition. The lotus root is aquatic, the water consumption is large and fast, but the root system has weak water absorption capacity, likes shallow water and high temperature, is not resistant to drought, and must always maintain a certain depth of water layer during the growth period. In the budding period, the water level should be shallow, in order to improve the soil temperature, promote early germination and fast growth; in the vigorous growth period, the water level should be deep to facilitate the healthy growth of lotus root; in the lotus root stage, the water level should be lowered to promote early fruiting.

3. Soil and fertilizer conditions. Lotus root is huge, extremely fertilizer-resistant, and likes soft, fertile and clayey soil. It is mainly based on base fertilizer, which accounts for 70% of the total fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, accounting for 30%. The base fertilizer is mainly composed of fully mature chicken manure, pig manure and soil miscellaneous fertilizer, combined with diammonium, potassium sulfate and ternary compound fertilizer. Urea compound fertilizer is the main topdressing fertilizer. More application of soil fertilizer can reduce the red brown rust spots attached to the body surface of lotus root.

Second, cultivation techniques:

1. Build the upper soil of the pool: the ground should be solid and flat, and the bottom of the pool can be laid with 0.3-0.4mm plastic sheet, mainly for anti-leakage and heat preservation. The four corners of the pool should be covered with sand ash (to prevent the pond filling from cracking on the corner after releasing water), and the inside of the pool wall should be smoothed with fine ash. The outer wall can be filled with soil (if possible, it can also be flattened with fine ash). After the cement surface is solidified (5mi 7 days), the big pool can be separated into several small pools, the length is unlimited, and the width is suitable for 6Mel 8m (easy operation, such as medication, fertilizing, etc.). Then the pool is evenly covered with 15km / 18cm clay. The best soil is red clay or black clay, there can be no sand, stones and so on.

2. Formula fertilization: before planting, each mu of the pond should be fertilized with soil miscellaneous fertilizer such as human manure, chicken manure, pig manure and other fermented manure, 30km cake fertilizer or special fertilizer, 50kg compound fertilizer and 30kg potassium sulfate. Fertilizers should be evenly applied to the soil, not on the surface.

(3) sow seeds at the right time:

Before and after Grain Rain, the seed of lotus root per mu is about 300kg, the plant spacing is 1.5x2m, and the row spacing is 2x2.5m. The lotus root seed is buried in the soil, and the tip of the lotus root can not be exposed to the soil. When getting down the lotus root, it is best to soak it in Tianda 2116 or carbendazim for 30 minutes.

Fourth, strengthen field management:

1. Adjust the water level. In the early stage, the shallow water layer of 5-7cm was maintained to facilitate the rise of soil temperature and promote germination; in the middle stage, the deep water layer of 12-15cm was maintained to meet the water demand of vigorous growth of lotus root and to prevent wind and cool down; in the later stage, the shallow water layer of 7-10cm was maintained to facilitate the formation of lotus root.

2. Topdressing. (1) topdressing twice on the basis of sufficient basal fertilizer, and the first topdressing was carried out when the lotus root grew 2-3 standing leaves, in order to promote the vigorous growth of lotus root, commonly known as "seedling fertilizer", generally applying 15-20 kg urea per mu. The second topdressing before and after "the Summer Solstice", 20 kg compound fertilizer per mu to promote lotus root formation. (2) if the basic fertilizer is insufficient, topdressing is needed three times, the first time is about 25 days after planting lotus root (before and after Grain in Beard), when the lotus root grows 1-2 vertical leaves, 10 kg urea per mu; the second topdressing is 40-45 days after planting lotus root (before and after the Summer Solstice). When the lotus root grows 2-3 standing leaves and begins to branch, 20 kg urea and 20 kg compound fertilizer are applied per mu to promote the exuberant growth of lotus root and lay the foundation for high yield. The third time was carried out in the second half of the month, that is, before and after "Lesser Heat", topdressing 10 kg of urea and 15 kg of compound fertilizer. Stop topdressing after "Greater Heat" to prevent greedy green late ripening and reduce frost resistance. After each topdressing, sprinkle water and rinse the leaves.

3. Timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. The main pests of lotus root are aphids, Spodoptera litura, lotus root maggots, etc., the first two can be sprayed with omethoate and dimethoate, the latter can be sprayed with phoxim mixed with water, and the main diseases of lotus root are corruption, leaf blight and so on. Methyl topiramate, chlorothalonil, agricultural streptomycin and other spraying control can be used, and 0.1% neutral washing powder is added when spraying to improve the adhesion and strength of the liquid.