Culture methods of Orchid

Orchids are epiphytic or terrestrial herbs. They have been cultivated for more than a thousand years in China. Chinese people have always regarded orchids as a symbol of purity and elegance. Together with "plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum", they are collectively called "four gentlemen". They have high ornamental value. Let's take a look at the cultivation methods of orchids.

Orchids 'growth habits

1, soil: orchids grow in the shade, ventilation, no water mountain, so the cultivation substrate requires ventilation, soft, good water leakage, slightly acidic, outdoor cultivation is the most commonly used mud soil.

2. Temperature: The best growth temperature of orchids is 18--30 degrees Celsius, below 5 degrees Celsius, slow growth above 35 degrees Celsius, and reproductive growth period is 5-18 degrees Celsius.

3, humidity: orchids grow well when the relative humidity of the air is 60-70%, too dry or too wet are easy to cause orchid disease, therefore, outdoor cultivation should create a humidity microclimate suitable for orchid growth, indoor installation of sprayers and hygrometers.

4, light: orchids like shade, afraid of direct sunlight, but if placed in hidden places all year round, they rarely bloom.

5, fertilizer: orchid growth period to apply more fertilizer, dormant or weak growth period can not apply fertilizer, if excessive fertilization, will burn roots and leaves, causing irreparable losses.

Orchid propagation method

1. Sowing and reproduction: Orchid seeds are very thin, there is only one incomplete embryo in the seed, the germination ability is very low, and the seed coat is not easy to absorb water, so it cannot germinate by conventional methods, so it needs to use orchid bacteria or artificial culture medium to supply nutrients to germinate.

2. Tissue culture: The tissue culture of orchids has been successful, and this method can be used for reproduction where conditions permit.

3. Plant division and propagation

① Plant division time: in spring and autumn can be carried out, generally every three years plant division once, where the plant growth is strong, pseudo-corm dense can be divided, after the plant division, each cluster should save at least 5 connected pseudo-corm, before the plant division to reduce irrigation, so that the pot soil is dry.

(2) Method of plant division: After plant division, cover the bottom hole with broken tiles, then spread coarse stones, accounting for 1/5-1/4 of the depth of the pot, then put coarse soil and a small amount of fine soil, then plant with sandy loam rich in humus, planting depth to bury the pseudo-bulb just into the soil, leave 2 cm along the edge of the pot, spread green cloud grass or fine stones.

3. Post-planting management: After planting, irrigate thoroughly, place in shade for 10-15 days, keep soil moist, gradually reduce watering, and carry out normal maintenance.

Orchid breeding method

Place: The place where orchids are placed is very important, which will directly affect the growth and development of orchids. Generally, it is placed in the open field in spring, summer and autumn (in the shade in summer), and placed indoors in winter. It is best to be surrounded by open air, humid air, indoor to have sufficient light, preferably facing south, so that it is conducive to orchid growth. Orchid basin is best placed on a wooden stand or table, not on the ground.

2. Soil selection: peat soil, black mountain mud, loose soil, pastoral soil, fern root, moss fresh and bark pieces can all become the culture medium soil of orchids. The bottom of the pot should be drained well to increase its permeability. The drainage holes can be paved with tiles, and then a layer of broken bricks and stones can be paved with a thickness of one quarter of the depth of the pot bottom. Finally, the culture soil shall be paved on top. Orchid planting, should be inserted into the soil, and then covered with soil, until the bulb. Compact the soil, do not fill within two centimeters, convenient irrigation. After planting, pour water thoroughly, put in a cool environment, and move into a ventilated sunny environment for half a month. Basin surface can be small gravel bedding, both moisture and can enhance the ornamental.

3, watering: orchid eight minutes dry, two minutes wet best, flowering and leaf bud period, watering should be less, plum rain season should be moved back indoors, or set up a shed to shelter rain, summer watering in the morning or evening, should not be too much, autumn watering can be increased, dry season, spray every evening. Spray upward spray, then fine mist, so that the leaves wet, wet ground, increase air humidity. Sometimes it is best to spray several times a day. Watering should be done from the edge of the pot. It should not be poured at noon. Although watering in winter can be greatly reduced, it is not without watering. Pay attention not to let the pot soil dry thoroughly. Watering in winter and early spring causes the leaf sheath to be wet. After drying, move it indoors to avoid decay. In short, dry is watered, wet is stopped, appropriate partial dry for the principle. Water to rain, spring water is good, all kinds of water should be taken to accumulate in the tank, so that pollutants in the water precipitation, normal water temperature, so that chlorine in tap water escape, and then pour.

4. Light: Although orchids like cool, but if they are placed in hidden places all year round, they rarely bloom. Orchid artists have long discovered that the leaves of orchids are long and the flowers are sparse, while the leaves of orchids are short and the flowers are many. Therefore, attention must be paid to the problem of illumination when cultivating orchids. In spring and summer, orchids had better be shaded by reed curtains or placed in indoor windows with ventilation facing east and south. Orchids under curtains should be turned once every half month to make orchids receive light on all sides, which is conducive to balanced growth of plants. In autumn, orchids should be removed from shade. Let it bask in the sun for half a day in the morning, but pay attention to autumn is not dry, cold days put indoor south window winter, but do not have to be too warm, it is best to cover plastic film cover, in order to maintain proper humidity of leaf surface. As for pest control, such as brown rust, white silk disease, with 0.5% sulfur mixture treatment. If there is an ant nest, the pot can be immersed in water to drive it away.

5, fertilization: fertilizer application should be taboo thick, so in the growth period, horseshoe sauce residue water, bean cake water, etc., every half month, if potassium dihydrogen phosphate is applied to the effect is better, fertilization in summer season is not appropriate, because the temperature is too high, water loss is fast, fertilizer concentration will become thick, affecting plant growth, in addition to daily watering, and spray water on the leaves several times, water slightly acidic, conducive to plant growth.

6, pruning: orchid breeding process to carry out plant pruning, such as old leaves withered need to be pruned, that is, conducive to the growth of other leaves, but also ventilation, and that kind of disease leaves need to be pruned in time to prevent infection, in addition, scissors also need to be disinfected to prevent infection.