Environmental conditions for the growth of Apricot trees tolerant to Salt and Alkali but sensitive to Water

Apricot is a perennial deciduous fruit tree with natural growth of more than 10 meters. It has a long life, like light, cold, drought and barren. It has strong adaptability to the external environmental conditions, and the range of suitable cultivation is also very wide. The average annual temperature of the main producing areas is-5: 22 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ is 1000-6500 ℃, the annual rainfall is 50-1600mm, the sunshine hours is 18003400 hours, and the frost-free period is 100,350 days. Thus it can be seen that apricot trees can not only blossom and bear fruit in high latitude, cold and arid areas, but also grow and develop in low latitude, warm climate, humid and rainy areas. Apricot trees are more tolerant to salt and alkali. However, apricot trees are very sensitive to water. If the apricot orchard has accumulated water for more than 3 days, it will cause yellow leaves, fallen leaves and dead roots, resulting in the death of the whole plant. Apricot flower organs and young fruits are also sensitive to low temperature and are vulnerable to late frost, resulting in reduced production.

Apricot tree

How to plant apricot trees?

Apricot planting period. It is divided into autumn planting and spring planting. However, the northeast, northwest and northern North China should be planted in spring because of the short frost-free period and cold winter. Dig a fixed planting hole: the size of the hole is generally 80cm × 80cm × 80cm, and the topsoil and subsoil are placed on both sides. When backfilling, the bottom is filled with straw or weeds with a thickness of 30cm, and then the topsoil is backfilled. When half of the hole is filled, the organic fertilizer (50kg per plant) is mixed with the soil, and when it is about 30cm from the ground, the pit is firmly or watered to make the soil solid, cover with a layer of topsoil, and backfill the rest when planting trees. Seedling preparation: select the first-class strong seedlings with well-developed roots to prune the roots. Seedlings purchased from other places should be soaked in water and soaked in enough water before planting. Planting: put the seedling in the middle of the planting hole, align it to the left and right, raise the seedling 1 / 3 of the soil, make the root system stretch down naturally, pay attention to the interface slightly higher than the ground, firm the soil, and then cultivate the soil to level with the surface and step on it.

How to configure apricot pollination trees?

Most apricot varieties are self-fruiting or the self-flowering seed-setting rate is low, and apricot fruit is not resistant to storage and transportation, so when building commercial apricot orchards, we should consider not only the reasonable combination of early, middle and late ripening varieties and main planting and pollination varieties, but also the proportion of fresh and processed varieties. In general, small apricot orchards with convenient transportation should be dominated by precocious fresh food varieties, the ratio of main planting to pollination varieties should be 3-4-4-1, and pollination trees should be planted with radioactive lines. A large area of apricot orchards should be dominated by processed or kernel apricot varieties, accounting for more than 80%. If the conditions are suitable, choose fresh food, processing and meat varieties for planting, the effect is better. Pollination trees should not be arranged alone, and 4 or 5 varieties should be selected for mutual pollination or equal planting in order to achieve the effect of pollination.

How to manage apricot trees after planting?

Make border irrigation. After planting, make the bed along the fixed planting line and irrigate in time. Plastic film should be covered after irrigation to improve the fruit setting rate. Set the dry. It can be dried after planting in spring. The height of the fixed stem is generally 60-70 cm, and there should be 4-6 full buds under the cut. Spring flowering season is prone to frost in areas where the stem can be higher, generally 70 to 80 centimeters. The cutting sprouts should be left on the windward side, and the plastic belt should be covered with plastic bags to prevent the damage of beetles and elephant beetles, and remove the bags when they germinate. Replanting. After planting, dead plants should be replanted in time to improve the uniformity of the orchard.

How to determine the planting density and mode of apricot trees?

In general, the row spacing of apricot orchards is 3 meters × 5 meters, that is, 45 plants are planted every 667 meters. Apricot trees are generally planted in rectangle and contour. The characteristic of rectangular planting is that the row spacing is larger than the plant spacing, good ventilation and light transmission, easy to manage operation. Contour planting is planted on a contour line according to a certain plant spacing, which is beneficial to soil and water conservation and is suitable for terraces, trenches and other mountain orchards.