Management of mushroom emergence of Agaricus bisporus in spring

After the middle of March, when the temperature was stable above 12 ℃, Agaricus bisporus entered the management stage of spring mushroom. Spring mushroom accounts for about 30% of the total output. Compared with autumn mushroom management, spring mushroom management has several disadvantages. First of all, after overwintering, the mycelium viability of Agaricus bisporus was lower than that of Agaricus bisporus, and the nutrients in the culture material decreased accordingly. Secondly, the temperature changes from high to low in autumn, and the change trend of the whole temperature is consistent with the temperature requirements for the growth of mycelium and fruiting body of Agaricus bisporus, while the weather change in spring is just the opposite, and the weather changes from high to low. Therefore, the management of spring mushroom needs to be carried out more cautiously, once the management is improper, it is easy to cause mycelium yellowing and atrophy, death of mushroom and large-scale occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

Agaricus bisporus

I. Water management

The lime supernatant of pH8-9 was sprayed every 1-2 days, 0.25kg per square meter of mushroom bed, so that the water content of the soil layer reached 18%. When the temperature is below 15 ℃, glucose nutrient solution can be sprayed to increase mycelium vitality, and 1000 times of Mushroom Jing should be sprayed 5-7 days before mushroom emergence to control overwintering pests. About April, the temperature reaches 15-25 ℃, which is the period when a large number of spring mushrooms occur, so the amount of spraying water should be increased. The temperature in May is often above 25 ℃, the water evaporation is large, and the spring mushroom is coming to an end. The water content of the soil layer can be raised to the maximum, and the amount of water sprayed per square meter of mushroom bed is about 0.5kg per day, so as to buy time to collect the last batch of mushrooms.

The general principle of water transfer of spring mushrooms is: stable in March, accurate in April and ruthless in May. The temperature is unstable in spring, so we should avoid the attack of cold current and dry and hot wind when spraying water and ventilation, so as to avoid a large number of dead mushrooms, and often spray lime water to adjust the pH value in time.

Second, temperature management

The temperature in the mushroom house is low in early spring, so the temperature should be increased and kept warm at this time. The mulch such as grass curtain can be opened at intervals during the day before or just after mushroom emergence. The use of sunlight to increase temperature and ventilation should be carried out at noon to prevent excessive temperature difference between day and night, so that the mushroom room can be maintained in a relatively stable temperature and humidity environment, which is conducive to the growth of Agaricus bisporus.

In the later stage of spring mushroom management, it is necessary to prevent high temperature and dryness in the mushroom room, adding mulch or spraying water to the mulch to cool down, ventilation should be carried out in the morning and evening, and the dry southwest wind should be strictly prevented from blowing into the mushroom room during ventilation, so as not to cause the mycelium of the soil layer to yellowing and atrophy and lose the ability to bear mushrooms. Whether warming or cooling, attention should be paid to reducing the temperature difference between day and night in the shed to prevent the death of mushrooms caused by excessive temperature difference.

III. Disease and pest control

Diseases and insect pests are a common problem in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, which seriously affects the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus, so the principle of "prevention first and comprehensive control" must be implemented. In spring, the contradiction among temperature, humidity and gas in the mushroom room should be properly dealt with, and the sources of diseases (insects) such as dead mushrooms, young mushrooms and mushroom feet on the mushroom bed should be removed timely and conscientiously. Mite damage and mushroom flies are easy to occur in spring, and management should be strengthened.

IV. Supplementary nutrition

In the later stage of the growth of Agaricus bisporus, thin-skinned mushrooms and hollow mushrooms appear because the hyphae can not accumulate sufficient nutrients, and even cause the death of small mushrooms in batches, so after each tide mushroom is harvested, it is necessary to stop spraying water for 4-5 days for full culture. then combined with water transfer to supplement nutrition, that is, to add some nutrient solution when replenishing water. Glucose, soybean milk, mushroom root + 20 times boiling filtrate + 0.2% sugar water + 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to promote mycelium health, so as to improve yield and quality. The mushroom bed can be sprayed with 0.5% Pi 1% salt water, which can not only whiten the mushroom body, but also accelerate the kink of mycelium.