The key points of planting techniques of passion fruit, a cash cow with wide market and high benefit

Plant passion fruit

1. Soil: passion fruit has strong adaptability and low requirements for soil. Flat or sloping land with good drainage and irrigation, such as sandy loam, red loam and kaolin, can be planted, and must not be planted in long-term low-lying water accumulation areas. In large-scale production, it is best to grow in places with fertile soil, loose soil and good drainage, and paddy fields that can be drained and irrigated are the best. The most suitable soil pH for fragrant fruit is 5.56.5.

2. Planting: passion fruit is produced in the same year when it is planted, and it is suitable to be planted from February to March each year. The passion fruit planted is a vine fruit tree with extended branches and vines, so it is appropriate for scaffolding cultivation to have a row spacing of 3 meters and a plant spacing of 3-3.5 meters. In general, the economic cultivation life of passion fruit is 4-5 years, and the old plant will be cut down and renewed comprehensively after harvest in the fifth year. Because passion fruit is a tropical fruit, continuous stubble is easy to be infected by virus, which reduces the yield and quality. in order to reduce virus infection, virus-free healthy seedlings are the best to be replanted every year. Planting method according to the scheduled row spacing, dig 60 cm wide, 20-30 cm deep planting ditch, first put in the mixed compost or other soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, at the same time, add 0.25 kg phosphorus + 0.15-0.25 kg compound fertilizer, and then plant from the pier. After planting and survival, the axillary buds should be removed at any time, leaving only the terminal buds of the main vine, and the vines should be tied to the pillar so that the plants can climb onto the scaffolding as soon as possible.

3. Setting up scaffolding: scaffolding must be set up during passion fruit cultivation for management and harvest. There are many forms of scaffolding, which are mainly horizontal scaffolding and single-line hedge scaffolding. The single-line fence column is 2.3 meters high and is erected between plants. It is implanted into the ground about 30 centimeters, and each column pulls 2 No. 12 lines.

4. Water management: passion fruit is more tolerant to drought, but it still needs irrigation in case of drought. If the soil is too dry, it will affect the development of vines and fruits, and in serious cases, the branches will wither, the fruits will not develop and the fruit will drop. Remove stagnant water in time during the rainy season.

5. Light: passion fruit likes plenty of sunlight to promote vine growth and nutrition accumulation. If the light is not enough, the growth is slow, the branches grow too much, the growth is slow, and even cause the fruit to shrink and fall off. Passion fruit is a long-day plant, with photoperiod effect, that is, long sunshine (sunshine hours more than 12 hours) can promote flower bud formation and flowering. Generally speaking, after planting in early spring, water and fertilizer and other cultivation management work is done well, and it can continue to blossom and bear fruit in the summer of that year.

6. Temperature: the temperature requirement of passion fruit is basically the same as that of ordinary tomato, which has a wide adaptability and adapts to planting in the north and south (the north should winter in the greenhouse, and the south should be covered with cold protection before the frost period above 1400m above sea level in order to survive the winter safely. otherwise, the upper part of the main stem and side branches are mostly frozen and withered, or even the whole plant is frozen to death.

7. Pruning and pruning: after the passion fruit is planted, a pillar should be inserted at the seedling stage to lure the main vine on the scaffolding, and when the main vine is 1 meter high, cut off the terminal bud and let it grow out of the lateral vine, leaving 2 lateral vines on each side to grow on both sides. when the lateral vine grows to 2 meters, the top of the lateral vine will be cut off to promote the growth of secondary lateral vines. If the horizontal scaffolding cultivation, should wait for the main vine to reach the scaffolding, leaving the side of the vine to grow averagely in all directions. Passion fruit should not be cut heavily, and there is no need to cut it every year. If excessive pruning, it is easy to make the main vine gradually wither, and in serious cases, the whole plant will die. Generally, after each batch of fruit is harvested, 3-4 nodes of each side vine will be cut short to promote its re-growth of lateral vines. At the same time, the branches that grow too densely must be thinned every summer, or the branches that hang down and drag the ground will be cut off about 20-30 cm from the ground to maintain good ventilation.

8. Fertilization: the fertilization principle of passion fruit is that the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2-1-4.

9. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: passion fruit has strong stress resistance and less diseases and insect pests. When aphids, red spiders, leafhoppers, beetles, yellow ants and other pests and powdery mildew are found, they should be controlled in time.

Powdery mildew: you can use agricultural antibiotics, such as agricultural green streptotoxin, "carbendazim" and other 200~400ml liquid spray, once every 4 Murray every 5 days, a total of three times.

Red spider: the insect body is small, it is difficult to find with the naked eye, and the symptoms are leaf yellowing and fledgling. When this symptom appears, you should carefully check the back of the leaf. If it is a red spider with the size of a needle, it should be sprayed and prevented in time. "dimethoate", "omethoate" and "insecticidal phosphorus" can be used for spraying, and the front and back of the leaves should be sprayed evenly when spraying. Spray once every 5 days for three times.

Aphids: can be used to control aldicarb, dimethoate, dichlorvos and so on.

Note: the above pesticides are forbidden to be used 30 days before fruit picking, otherwise it will be harmful to human health after eating.

Artificial pollination of passion fruit

10. Artificial pollination: passion fruit blossoms around 11:00 every morning, artificial pollination is done in time after flowering, and pollination is completed before 4 pm. There are two methods of artificial pollination: (1) apply the pollen evenly to the three stigmas of the pistil with a brush; (2) collect the pollen sac with tweezers and put it into an average clean cup, then add water to make the pollen dissolve into the water, and then spray the pollen water on the pistil stigma with a sprayer. Artificial pollination can improve the seed setting rate.

11. Timely harvest: passion fruit falls to the ground naturally after ripening, and should be picked up in time. It is best not to pick up the fruit for more than three days, otherwise the fruit will rot quickly due to sun and rain.