Cultivation techniques for high yield of mung bean with short growth period, strong adaptability and fast growth

Because of its short growth period, strong adaptability and fast growth at seedling stage, mung bean is suitable for intercropping with all kinds of dry crops in hilly region and with tall stalk crops such as corn and sorghum. The key points of high-yield cultivation techniques of mung bean in hilly area are as follows:

Mung bean sowing

1. Choose the place. Mung bean has strong adaptability, such as sandy soil, hillside thin land, black soil and clay. Mung beans are often intercropped with corn, sorghum, cotton, sweet potato, sesame, millet and other crops, and can also be planted in ridges and interstitial fields. Avoid continuous cropping with mung beans. Because of many diseases and insect pests and poor quality, continuous cropping inhibits the development of rhizobium because of the reproduction of harmful microorganisms. At the same time, mung bean is also an important fertile crop and an excellent predecessor of cereals. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the land for growing mung beans and carry out crop rotation, preferably with cereal crops such as corn, sorghum and wheat, and should not take Chinese cabbage as the previous stubble, generally 2-3 years apart.

2. Land preparation. Because mung bean is a dicotyledonous crop, cotyledons are unearthed and the top soil capacity of seedlings is weak, if the soil is hardened or bumpy, it is easy to cause lack of seedlings, broken ridges or uneven emergence of seedlings. Therefore, before sowing, it is required to deep plough fine rake, fine soil preparation, rake flat soil bumpy, make the soil loose, store water and preserve soil moisture, prevent soil consolidation, virtual and solid, in order to facilitate seedling rotation and stubble.

3. Select excellent varieties. The varieties with large grain, thin skin, low hard seed rate, easy to cook and soft, good taste and high yield were selected, such as Zhonglu 1, Zhonglu 2, Jilu 2, Yulu 2 and so on.

4. Sowing at the right time. Mung beans can be sown in spring and summer. Spring sowing is from late April to early and mid-May. Summer sowing is in mid-and late June, so we should strive to sow early. Mung bean likes temperature, and the suitable temperature for emergence and growth is 15 to 18 degrees Celsius, and a higher temperature is needed during the growth period. It begins to sprout at 8 to 12 degrees. The most suitable temperature during flowering and podding is between 18 and 20 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is too high, the stems and leaves will grow too vigorously, which will affect the flowering and podding. Mung bean is not tolerant to frost in the later growth stage. When the temperature drops below 0 ℃, the plants will freeze to death and the germination rate of seeds will be low. Therefore, mung bean sowing in summer and autumn must pay attention to timely and early sowing in order to mature normally before the advent of low temperature and early frost. The sowing rate per mu is generally 1.5 mi 2.0 kg, and the sowing depth is 3.0 mi 5.0 cm.

5. Reasonable close planting. The planting density of mung bean should be determined according to the characteristics of varieties and soil fertility. In general, we should master the principles of dense early-maturing varieties, sparse late-maturing varieties, dense upright type, semi-trailing type, thinner type, sparse fertile land, dense thin land, and sparse early species and dense late species. For general early-maturing mung bean varieties, the suitable density of low water and fertilizer plots is 18-200000 plants, rice seedling protection is 11-15 plants, medium-maturing varieties, medium water and fertilizer conditions are 15-170000 plants, rice seedling protection plants are 8-10 plants, and late-maturing varieties, the suitable density under high water and fertilizer conditions is 12-140000 plants, rice seedlings protection is 78 plants.

6. Field management. In order to ensure that mung beans grow neatly at seedling stage, develop well, have more buds, blossom and fruit, large pods and seeds, high yield and high quality, it is necessary to achieve "six timeliness": ① timely suppression. After sowing, the plots with poor soil moisture should be suppressed in time, so as to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, increase surface moisture, promote seed germination and development, early emergence and whole seedlings. ② timely check and repair seedlings. After the emergence of mung bean, it is found that there is a phenomenon of missing seedling and broken ridge, which should be replanted within 7 days. ③ seedlings in time, fixed seedlings. In order to make the seedlings develop well, the seedlings should be removed when the mung bean reaches two leaves and one heart after emergence. When 4 leaves are fixed, the plant spacing is 13-16 cm, and the row spacing of monoculture is about 40 cm. According to the fixed density, remove weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, small seedlings, weeds and weeds, leaving strong seedlings. The practice of keeping seedlings per plant is beneficial to the healthy growth of plants. ④ ploughing and weeding in time. It can not only eliminate weeds, but also break soil consolidation, loosen soil, reduce evaporation, increase soil temperature and promote nodule activity, which is a measure to increase the yield of mung bean. Generally speaking, after the first compound leaf of mung bean is unfolded, the seedlings are hoed for the first time; after the second compound leaf is unfolded, the seedlings are fixed and the second intermediate tillage is carried out; at the branching stage, the third deep ploughing is carried out, and the root is sealed to cultivate the soil, and the middle tillage should be carried out until the ridge is closed. The principle of shallow-deep-shallow should be mastered in the depth of middle tillage. ⑤ timely irrigation, drainage and waterlogging prevention. Mung bean is a crop that needs more water, is not tolerant to waterlogging and is afraid of flooding. Mung bean has strong drought resistance and less water demand at seedling stage, and the flower and pod stage is the peak period of water demand. At this time, water should be irrigated in time in case of drought. But mung beans are afraid of flooding. If there is too much water in the seedling stage, it will aggravate the root disease and cause rotten roots and dead seedlings. In the later stage, when there was waterlogging, the plant grew poorly, appeared premature senescence, peeled off flowers and pods, and the yield decreased. Therefore, mung beans should be drained and waterproof in the rainy season. ⑥ should do a good job in disease and pest control in time. Mainly control root rot, virus diseases, aphids, cabbage insects and other diseases and insect pests.

7. Rational fertilization. The fertilization principle of mung bean should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, mixed use of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer, adequate base fertilizer and proper topdressing. Fertilization technology: mung bean has a short growth period, strong barren tolerance, and its root system has the ability of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, so there is often no fertilization in production, but in order to improve the mung bean yield in medium and low yield plots, more fertilizer should be applied. General mu application of fertilizer diammonium phosphate or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer about 10 kg. Mung bean topdressing is best carried out at flowering stage combined with ridge sealing. Per hectare, ammonium nitrate, urea and other nitrogen fertilizers can be applied 40 per hectare, 60kg, 100ml, 120kg potassium sulfate. In the barren plots, extra-root topdressing can be carried out at the podding stage, and plant growth agents such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Fuer 655, Lufeng 95 and Bang Yifeng can be sprayed on the leaves, and the effect of increasing yield is obvious. In the land with high fertility, the seedling stage should be mainly controlled, not topdressing, too much nitrogen fertilizer, which will lead to excessive vegetative growth, open stems and leaves, shade in the field, plant lodging, serious flower and pod drop, and reduce the yield of mung bean. Although mung bean rhizobium has the ability of nitrogen fixation, increasing the application of farm fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can obviously increase the yield. The application of farm manure can be given to people once before sowing, and ploughed and turned over after application. If it is too late to apply basal fertilizer, it is necessary to apply a certain amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the early growth stage, that is, the branching and early flowering stage, in order to enhance the nitrogen fixation ability of rhizobium and increase flower bud differentiation. Increase the application of organic fertilizer, inoculate rhizobium, improve fertilization methods, and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer. It is reported that mung bean rhizobium can supply 50% of the total nitrogen needed by mung bean. 70%. Therefore, rhizobium inoculation is one of the most economical and effective measures to increase production.

8. Harvest in time. Mung beans are uneven in maturity and should be picked as they are ripe according to the situation. If a harvest is often needed in the case of large-scale planting, the timely harvest should be marked by the fact that 2 of all the pods of mung beans turn brown and black. Under the condition of high temperature, mature pods are easy to crack and should be harvested before dew in the morning or in the evening. The harvested pods can be stored or sold after drying, threshing and cleaning.