How to prevent the formation of bitter cucumber with toxin in bitter cucumber

The bitter taste of cucumber is due to the fact that there is a substance called picrin in its plant, which has the highest content at the base of cucumber stalk and can be inherited, and its content varies with the type, variety and cultivation conditions of vegetables. Excessive consumption of bitter gourd can cause vomiting, diarrhea, spasm and other toxic symptoms. Therefore, in the process of cucumber cultivation, necessary measures should be taken to put an end to the formation of bitter melon and ensure food safety. The main measures are as follows:

Cucumber

1. To avoid low temperature or high temperature, first, when the air temperature or ground temperature is lower than 13 ℃, the cell permeability decreases, nutrient and water absorption is inhibited, cucumber is prone to bitterness; second, the greenhouse temperature is higher than 30 ℃ and lasts for too long will also lead to cucumber bitterness. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the temperature and heat preservation performance of the protective facilities as far as possible, adjust the temperature, and avoid the temperature limit formed by bitterness.

two。 Watering should be reasonable and timely. First, under the condition of high temperature and less soil moisture, the plant will have physiological drought and it is easy to produce bitter melon. At this time, it is necessary to supply water to cucumbers in time to maintain the swelling and pressure of plant tissue and the stability of plant temperature. Second, watering should be done a small number of times, the water temperature should not be too low, to prevent water deficit in the plant leading to the formation of cucumber picrin. In addition, pay special attention to squatting seedlings after planting should not be excessive, otherwise the root melon is easy to suffer.

3. Fertilization should be balanced. First, fertilizing at the root. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled at seedling stage to avoid overgrowth of plants. At the peak stage of flowering and fruiting, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake by cucumber is basically 5 ∶ 2 ∶ 6. At this stage, the supply of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be strengthened. The second is extra-root topdressing. Rare earth micro-fertilizer was sprayed once at seedling stage, early flowering stage and young melon stage, and was sprayed with 0.5 kg urea and 150 kg water per mu at full flowering stage and full fruit stage.

4. Density should not be too high, too dense, poor light, will lead to the bitterness of cucumbers. Cucumber cultivation in protected field should adopt the method of close planting in the early stage and sparse planting in the later stage, that is, the common plant spacing is 26cm to 30cm, and the row spacing is 60cm. If the plant spacing is 15 cm, the "single plant" on the same ridge is not on the shelf, and when it grows to 12 true leaves, it can quickly bear melon, and the main vine melon can be pulled out after harvest, and the "compound plant" will be put on the shelf. When the plant grows to 1.2 meters high, it will be pinched quickly, and the main vine melon will also be pulled out after harvest. In this way, the early yield can be nearly doubled, and the occurrence of bitter melon will be reduced at the same time.

5. Preventing root injury will aggravate the bitterness of cucumbers. In production, sand table sowing should be used to reduce root injury, plastic nutrition bowl or paper pocket should be used to separate seedlings, ridge plastic film mulching should be used as far as possible, and shoveling should be slightly deeper in the early stage and shallower in the later stage.

6. Bitter gourd can not leave seeds if bitter cucumbers are left in seeds, the cucumbers produced by the next generation will still have bitter taste. Therefore, when the cucumber is about to mature, take the surface part to taste, choose no bitterness to leave the seed.