Field management of overwintering towel gourd cultivation

I. temperature regulation

After the overwintering towel gourd was planted, it was already in winter, and the temperature gradually decreased. Until after the Spring Festival, it has been in a cold season. Therefore, the focus of temperature management is to improve ground temperature and air temperature. The plastic film should be fastened immediately after planting, and the temperature in the greenhouse should be increased by adding grass seeds at night. Make it 25-30 ℃ during the day and 15-18 ℃ at night. After slow seedling for 5-7 days, the temperature in the greenhouse should be lowered appropriately. Sunny day 23-25 ℃, night 10-12 ℃. When the light is insufficient in cloudy days, it is about 20 ℃ in the daytime and 8-10 ℃ at night. Try to keep the temperature difference between day and night above 8 ℃. During this period, the appropriate low temperature environment is beneficial to control the overgrowth of plants, promote root development as far as possible, and enhance cold resistance, so as to adapt to the cold natural conditions and survive the winter safely. In December, the external temperature is not very low, as long as a good grasp of the time to uncover the grass, we can basically achieve the above temperature conditions. In general, when the sun shines on the greenhouse on a sunny day, the grass should be opened. At 4-5 p.m., when the indoor temperature drops to 18-20 ℃, the grass seeds will be covered in time. When the room temperature exceeds 30 ℃ in the morning, there should be a light breeze immediately, on the one hand, cool down, on the one hand, remove moisture, on the other hand, infiltrate and replenish carbon dioxide.

There is often a cold snap from mid-December to mid-January. All measures should be taken to keep the temperature in the greenhouse to prevent the lowest temperature from falling below 5-7 ℃ at night and avoid cold injury. The clover should be uncovered late and early and try not to be ventilated. If the room is continuously below 5 ℃, heating facilities such as electric stove should be used to prevent the occurrence of cold and freezing injury.

Second, light regulation

In overwintering cultivation, light is not only the energy of photosynthesis, but also the source of heat to maintain indoor temperature. Winter light is not strong, coupled with greenhouse mulch, skeleton and other shade, greenhouse light is even more inadequate. The lack of light is shown in two aspects: one is the short time; the other is the low intensity. Therefore, increasing light has an obvious effect on the high yield of towel gourd. The measures to increase the light of the greenhouse are as follows: uncover the grass in the morning and cover the grass in the evening to prolong the light time; clean the plastic film; paint all the inner walls of the greenhouse white, or hang an aluminized reflective screen on the wall to reflect the sunlight on the wall to the back row of towel gourd plants. to increase light intensity. Where there are electricity conditions, biological effect lights should be installed to replenish light artificially, which is the most effective measure.

III. Water and fertilizer management

3-5 days after overwintering towel gourd colonization, if the planting water is insufficient and the soil is dry, slow seedling water can be irrigated again. Ditch irrigation should be used to slow seedling water, and flood irrigation should be avoided.

Water and fertilizer must be controlled before the deep winter season to prevent the plant from growing too vigorously and reduce the cold resistance. In general, there is no topdressing from December to the end of January. If there is a lack of fertilizer, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or diammonium phosphate can be applied to the spray root for 2-3 times. Generally, it is not watered to prevent diseases caused by decreasing the temperature of the ground and increasing the air temperature. If the soil is dry, you can choose "sunny head and cold tail" weather to open ditches and pour small water in the morning. After watering, the grass should be covered early in the afternoon, and the next day should be ventilated and wet drainage should be strengthened. In order to prevent the epidemic of diseases, pesticides for disease control can be sprayed before irrigation.

IV. Brackets and binding vines

Towel gourd should install bracket and tie vine as soon as you shake the vine. At present, plastic flat wire is often used as support material. Pull No. 8 iron wire along the towel gourd in the solar greenhouse, each plant has a fixed plastic flat wire, the lower end of the flat wire is tied to a small stick, and the stick is inserted into the soil.

When the towel gourd is on the shelf, just wind the melon vine around the flat silk. When binding vines, you should consciously put the bibcock on a diagonal line that is high in the north and low in the south. In order to save nutrients, we should timely get rid of the lower old leaves, yellow leaves, remove male flowers, tendrils.

Fifth, protect flowers and fruits

In December, spraying with 100 mg / kg gibberellin during the fruiting period can promote the growth of melon strips and prevent melons from melting at low temperature.

In the melon setting period, when it is cold winter and there is no insect pollination in the greenhouse, artificial pollination should be carried out in order to increase the fruit setting rate, reduce the melon yield and increase the yield. Pollination should be carried out at 8-9 am every day, collecting male flowers and pollinating female flowers one by one.

6. Spring management

After February, the weather became warmer and the overwintering towel gourd began to grow vigorously. During this period, the weather in North China is still unstable, so in the management, we should not only pay attention to cold prevention, but also pay attention to ventilation and cooling to prevent the temperature from being too high. During this period, 25-30 ℃ was ventilated during the day and 10-15 ℃ at night.

At this time, towel gourd growth is very large, water demand is also very large, coupled with high temperature, large evaporation, need a lot of watering. Water was watered every 5-7 days in the early stage and once every 1-2 days in the later stage. Watering should be carried out on a sunny morning. The principle of watering is to keep the soil moist and avoid flooding.

In the peak period of melon, it is necessary to increase the times of topdressing. Generally speaking, fertilizer is applied every 10-15 days. In the early stage, 7500 kg of mature organic fertilizer per hectare can be applied. Only 225-300 kg per hectare of compound fertilizer will be applied later. Water in time after topdressing.

The peak period of melon should be pruned and bound in time. For every 30 cm extension of the stem, it is bound once. The "S" shape is used to tie the vine to make the height of the bibcock consistent. When the melon vine grows to the top of the shelf, pick the heart in time to promote the occurrence of lateral vines. After the lateral vine grows into a female flower, leave 2 leaves before the flower to pick the heart. The yellow, old and diseased leaves in the lower part of the vine should be removed in time to facilitate ventilation and light.

A sufficient number of exuberant leaves in the peak period of melon is the guarantee of high yield. In order to delay leaf senescence, phosphate fertilizer can be applied. Extra-root topdressing was carried out every 3-5 days from February to March, and topdressing could be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.1% urea solution.

7. The single vine pruning method is used for pruning.

Before the melon seedlings grow to the top of the shed, except for the main vine, the other lateral branches are removed as early as possible to make the main vine bear fruit. After the main vine grows to the top of the shed, the terminal buds are removed to promote the germination of lateral branches. After sitting on the side branch, leave 2 leaves in front of the fruit to top.

VIII. Harvest

The price of towel gourd in winter is higher and higher in advance, so it should be harvested and listed as soon as possible. Timely harvest is also beneficial to the growth and growth of the next melon. The first harvest is usually carried out before New Year's Day to the Spring Festival. It can be harvested once in 5-7 days in the first 5-7 days and once in 3-5 days in spring peak season.