Key points of fertilization of Hongti grape

Original title: how to fertilize red grapes

Red grape is also known as Red Earth, Eurasian species. Originated in California, USA, it is a grape variety bred by researchers of California State University in the 1970s. Since this variety was introduced into China in 1987, it has been cultivated in most areas of North China and Northwest China with excellent fruit quality, late ripening, storage and transportation resistance and high yield. it is the first choice for the development of grape varieties with high quality and high efficiency. So the question is, how to apply fertilizer? Let's take a look at it now!

1. Soil preparation and fertilization is similar to other grape varieties, and Hongti also likes the soil with good air permeability, so the soil should choose fertile and deep sandy loam, the PH is about 6.5-7.5, and has good irrigation and drainage conditions. If the soil is too sticky or too sandy, it is necessary to consider increasing the amount of organic fertilizer to improve the soil structure. Generally, 2000-3000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer is applied per mu and ploughed into the soil.

Second, the base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, which is generally combined with hole expansion between rows every 1-2 months, with a depth of 60 cm to 80 cm and a width of 30 cm to 40 cm. The effect of base fertilizer is generally better after fruit harvest and before soil freezing, and the amount of base fertilizer per mu is about 1000kg to 1500kg. Proper early application is beneficial to the decomposition of organic fertilizer and wound healing, restore tree potential, improve cold and drought resistance, and lay a foundation for root growth, flower bud differentiation and new shoot growth.

3. Topdressing is mainly based on quick-acting fertilizer. A ditch with a depth of 50 cm and a width of 20 cm is opened near the root tip (about 40 miles from the trunk of the 3-5-year-old tree), and the mixed soil of chemical fertilizer is buried into the ditch. For grapevines in full fruit stage, topdressing can be carried out before sprouting, before flowering, during fruit expansion, during coloring and after harvest. The first topdressing was carried out before and after budding in early spring, mainly nitrogen and potassium, combined with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer, called budding fertilizer, which had a good effect on promoting bud germination, inflorescence differentiation and branch and leaf growth. About seven days after flowering, the second topdressing was carried out, mainly nitrogen and potassium, which was called promoting flowering fertilizer, in order to ensure the normal flowering, pollination, fertilization and inflorescence differentiation. In addition, 0.3% borax can be sprayed on the leaves according to the situation during this period to increase the fruit setting rate. During the berry growth period, that is, when the berries grow to the size of soybeans, in order to promote fruit expansion, enhance leaf photosynthesis, promote branch growth, and improve yield and quality, the third topdressing can be carried out, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, that is, promoting fruit fertilizer. During the fruit coloring period, a certain amount of potassium fertilizer can be applied according to the need to improve the fruit color and increase the commodity rate. During the frost period from harvest to the end of October, it is an important stage for grape branches to mature, restore tree potential and accumulate nutrients for the next year. In order to supplement the nutrient consumption of grapes, the fourth topdressing should be carried out, mainly nitrogen and potassium. This time, topdressing can be combined with organic fertilizer, which can save labor and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

Foliar topdressing is a fast and effective fertilization method often used in agricultural production, which can quickly restore tree potential and mild symptoms of sparrow, and can supplement trace elements such as iron, boron and zinc, which are often lacking in grapes. The specific method is to dissolve the fertilizer in water, spray it evenly on the grape leaf according to a certain concentration (about 3/1000 of nitrogen and phosphorus), and top dressing on the leaf surface is done in the early morning to ensure that the fertilizer has enough effective wetting time on the leaf surface.

4. the specific quantity and times of topdressing should be determined according to the fertility of the soil, the growth of the grape and the yield target. If the growth of the new shoot is medium and the leaf color is thick green, it shows that the nutrients in the soil are relatively balanced and sufficient. If the growth of new shoots is too prosperous in the early stage, the use of available nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation should be properly controlled. on the contrary, thin and weak shoots, yellowish leaves, or obvious symptoms of element deficiency indicate a lack of nutrients in the soil. the combination of frequent application, less application and foliar spraying can be considered to give full play to the fertilizer effect. In addition, drip irrigation system is also an effective method to fertilize on sandy soil.

According to the yield of 1333 kg per mu, the nutrients removed from the soil every year are 11.3kg of nitrogen, 4kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 14.7kg of potassium oxide and 4kg of magnesium oxide. The input of potash fertilizer is larger than that of nitrogen fertilizer, and the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizer should be emphasized if we want to obtain higher yield and quality.