Distribution of producing area of chrysanthemum

The origin of chrysanthemum is China, and chrysanthemum has been cultivated in China for more than 3000 years. It is a perennial root herb of the genus Compositae, widely distributed in cities and rural areas of China, and is now cultivated all over the world. it is one of the four gentlemen in flowers (plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum). Let's take a look at the origin distribution of chrysanthemums.

Distribution of producing area of chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemums are produced in cities and rural areas in China, especially in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Qingdao, Tianjin, Kaifeng, Wuhan, Chengdu, Changsha, Xiangtan, Xi'an, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Zhongshan Xiaolan Town and so on.

Around the 8th century, the ornamental chrysanthemum spread from China to Japan and was regarded as the design of Japan's national emblem. Dutch merchants introduced Chinese chrysanthemums to Europe at the end of the 17th century, France in the 18th century and North America in the mid-19th century. Since then, Chinese chrysanthemums have spread all over the world.

The producing environment of chrysanthemum

The main results are as follows: 1. Chrysanthemum has strong adaptability, cool and cold-resistant, the suitable temperature for growth is 18-21 degrees, the highest temperature for growth is 32 degrees, and the lowest temperature is 10 degrees. The limit of low temperature tolerance of underground rhizome is generally negative 10 degrees.

2. Chrysanthemum likes loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam, which can grow from slightly acidic to neutral, and continuous cropping is avoided.

3. Chrysanthemum is a short-day flower, which is resistant to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine.

The original variety of chrysanthemum

1. Wild chrysanthemum: wild chrysanthemum is a perennial herb, 0.25-1 meter high, with underground long or short stolons. Stem branches covered with sparse hairs, upper and inflorescence branches slightly more or more hairy. Basal and lower leaves deciduous at anthesis. Middle stem and leaf ovate, long ovate or elliptic-ovate, pinnatifid, lobed or inconspicuously divided and margin shallowly serrate. Petiole base without ears or lobed auricles. Both sides are of the same color or several colors, light green. Heads 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter, mostly arranged in loose corymbose panicles at the top of stem branches or a few arranged in corymbose inflorescences at stem tip. Involucral bracts ca. 5 layers, outer layer ovate or ovate-triangular, middle layer ovate, inner layer long elliptic, 11 mm long. All bracts margin white or brown broadly membranous, apex obtuse or rounded. Ligulate flowers yellow, apical entire or 2-3-toothed. Achenes 1.5-1.8 mm long. The florescence is from June to November.

2. Chamomile: chamomile is a perennial herb, 0.3-1.5 meters high, with underground stolons. Stems erect, branched from above middle or only upper corymbose branches. Basal and lower leaves deciduous at anthesis. Middle stem and leaves ovate, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate. Bipinnately divided. All leaves are of the same color or almost the same color on both sides. Petiole base with divided auricles or no ears. Heads are usually arranged in loose or slightly dense compound corymbose inflorescences at the top of stem branches. Involucre discoid, involucral bracts ca. 5 layers. The middle inner layer is ovate, long elliptic to oblanceolate. Needle-shaped, all bracts tip rounded, margin white or light brown membranous. Ligulate flowers yellow, tongue elliptic, apex entire or 2-3 inconspicuously toothed. Achenes 1.2-1.5 mm long. Flowering and fruiting period from May to November.

3. Small red chrysanthemum: small red chrysanthemum is a perennial herb, 15-60 cm high, with underground creeping rhizomes. Stem erect or base curved, branched from base or middle, but usually only branched corymbose at stem tip. Middle stem and leaves reniform, semiorbicular, suborbicular or broadly ovate, usually 3-5 palmately or palmately pinnately lobed or cleft, all lobes margin obtuse-toothed, cusp-toothed or awn-like. The root leaves and lower stem leaves are homomorphic to the middle leaves of the stem, but smaller; a few (about 3) to most (about 12) heads are arranged into loose corymbose inflorescences at the top of the stem, and few heads are solitary. Involucre discoid,; involucral bracts 4-5-layered. All bracts margin white or brown membranous. Ligulate flowers white, pink or purple, tongue long tip 2-3 toothed. Achenes 2 mm long, apex obliquely truncated, proximally narrowed, 4-6-veined. The flowering and fruiting period is from July to October.