Detailed explanation of pot flower cultivation techniques of rough rib grass: a case study of Guangdong Province

Coarse rib grass is also known as Guangdong evergreen, bright silk grass. With moderate plant shape and long ornamental display cycle, it can be widely used in office and living space beautification. It is an excellent indoor color leaf plant and is deeply loved by people. In this paper, the key cultivation techniques of coarse rib grass were established according to the climatic characteristics of Guangdong, which can provide a reference for the large-scale industrial cultivation of coarse rib grass potted flowers, and can also provide a reference basis for the cultivation of other provinces in the south.

1 environmental conditions

Coarse rib potted flowers like warm and ventilated climate, resistant to high temperature and not resistant to cold. The suitable growth temperature is 2732 ℃, the air relative humidity is 60% and 80%, and the light intensity is 17000~30000Lux. If the temperature is lower than 20 ℃ or higher than 36 ℃ for a long time, the plant will grow slowly or even stop growing. If the overwintering greenhouse is less than 15 ℃ for a long time, the old leaves will yellowing, wilting, shedding, growing point necrosis, and even the whole plant will die. Large-scale cultivation should have protective facilities that can keep warm and control light, such as steel frame film greenhouse, 2-layer shading net (70% shading rate of each layer), water curtain fan cooling system, heating facilities, etc., so as to meet the planting needs of more rough rib grass varieties.

2 Matrix requirements

The matrix is required to have good drainage and air permeability, water and fertilizer conservation, not easy to decompose, the EC value is less than 0.8ms, the pH value is 5.8 ~ 6.5. Generally choose imported peat soil is relatively safe, can also choose coconut bran and domestic peat soil, but should pay attention to adjust the EC value and pH value. Peat soil of specification 10~30mm can be selected in the middle seedling stage and peat soil of 20~40mm specification can be selected in the finished product stage. 10% perlite can also be mixed in the configuration.

3 cultivation and planting

3.1 Seedling selection

Generally, there are two kinds of seedlings: cutting seedlings and tissue culture seedlings. In order to ensure the stability of large-scale cultivation, tissue culture seedlings are recommended. Seedling selection criteria: good glossiness of leaf color, intact leaves, no diseased leaves, more roots, white or yellow-white roots, no rotten roots, good growth, moderate seedling height, 7~10cm height.

3.2 planting in pot

When putting on the basin, first fill the 2~3cm thick matrix to the bottom of the basin, hold the seedling in the left hand and fix it in the center of the basin, fill the matrix with the right hand until the basin is full, and compact the matrix slightly to keep the matrix about 1cm away from the mouth of the basin. According to the pot diameter specifications, the planting specifications of rough rib grass can be divided into 90 #, 120 #, 150 # and other small and medium-sized specifications. Pot seedlings were selected for 9-year planting, 1 plant per pot, 2-3 plants per pot for 12-year-old planting, 2-3 plants per pot for 15-year-old planting, or 2-3 plants for 12-pot planting.

9. Change the basin directly.

4 cultivation and management

4.1 Water management

The pot flower of rough rib grass should keep the pot soil moist in high temperature summer, and the watering quantity and times of the plant can be increased appropriately. In the cold winter, the basin soil should be kept dry, the fertilizer and water management should be dry and wet, and the leaves should be kept dry at night to improve the cold resistance and avoid cold injury.

4.2 Fertilizer Management

4.2.1 Fertilizer ratio

The proportion of fertilizers applied during the growing period is as follows: NmurP 2O 5-K 2O 20, which is the same as that of Nmurp 2O 5-K 2O 15, and the fertilizer should be applied alternately. Usually, it is suitable to apply the rotation mode of NLV P 2O 5-K 2O 20 and then the rotation method of NLV P 2O 5-K 2O 15 and 10-30.

4.2.2 fertilization method

Usually, rhizosphere irrigation was applied once every 5-7 days, and the pH value of water-fertilizer mixture was 6.0-7.0. the concentration of fertilizer solution should be adjusted according to plant size and fertilizer leaching cycle, and the EC value should be at 1.0~1.5ms/cm.

4.3 temperature and humidity control

The suitable daily temperature for the growth of potted flowers is 27: 32 ℃, the night temperature is 20: 22 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 60% 80%. The temperature and humidity should be regulated according to different seasons. For example, in the period of high temperature in summer, the main control goal is cooling, which can be cooled by opening the skylight and movable shading net to exhaust heat and shade, and by opening the water curtain fan. For example, in the period of low temperature in winter, the main control goal is heat preservation and heating, which can be carried out by sealing the thin film around the greenhouse and turning on the heating equipment. The regulation and control of indoor temperature and humidity is directly related to ventilation, light intensity and greenhouse sealing, so various equipment and facilities should be comprehensively used for scientific regulation.

5Prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests

5.1 Prevention and control of major diseases

5.1.1 Rhizome rot

Damage symptoms: at the beginning of the disease, only individual branch roots and whisker roots were infected, and gradually expanded to the main root. After the main root was infected, the early plant showed no symptoms, and then the function of absorbing water and nutrients was gradually weakened with the aggravation of root decay. The aboveground part was in short supply of nutrients, the new leaves first yellowed, and then the whole plant yellowed and wilted gradually. The disease can be caused by Pythium, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora and other pathogens. The pathogen overwintered in the soil or on the diseased body and became the main source of initial infection in the following year. The pathogen invaded from the root stem or root wound and spread through Rain Water or irrigation water. Prevention and treatment measures: try to avoid root injury when changing the basin, and it is best to spray medicine after changing the basin. The suitable agents are: 1000 times of 70% methyl topiramate, or 50% carbendazim, 4000 times of carbendazim, or 3000 times of bright shield.

5.1.2 anthrax

Damage symptoms: mostly occur on the leaves, at the initial stage, there are round and oval reddish brown spots on the leaves, gradually expanding as dark brown spots, the center of the spot changes from grayish brown to grayish white, there is yellow halo at the edge of the spot, and there are or no wheel lines; in the later stage of the disease, there are many small black spots on the spot, and yellowish or yellow mucus appears when the humidity is too high. High temperature and humidity is the main cause of this disease. Prevention and control measures: strengthen cultivation management, often ventilated and transparent, and remove diseased leaves in time. In the early stage of the disease, timely spray prevention and treatment, once / 7 days, alternate use of drugs every 2 to 3 weeks, spraying 3 times for 4 times. The suitable agents are: 10% Shigao water dispersible granules 1500 × 2000 times, or 25% prochloraz 2000 times 2500 times, or 40% chlorothalonil 600 cup 800 cups, or 50% carbendazim 2000 times 3000 times, and so on.

5.2 main pest control

5.2.1 Spodoptera litura

Damage symptoms: damage in the leaves, mainly to bite the tender leaves, resulting in varying degrees of damage to the leaves, seriously affecting the ornamental value, mostly at night. Prevention and treatment measures: spraying medicine in time at the initial stage of occurrence, generally spraying in the afternoon at 4: 00 / 5: 00, once / 5 days, rotating every 2 to 3 weeks, continuously spraying 2: 00 for 3 times. The suitable agents are: 48% Lexben 1200 × 1500 times, Regent 2000 times 3000 times, 5% methylvitamin salt 12000 times 15000 times, and so on.

5.2.2 Red Spider

Damage symptoms: damage in the leaves, mainly in the back of the old leaves through the mouthparts to absorb juice, but also opened on the front dim color, fading yellowing, but also on the back can see tiny red spots crawling, this is a red spider pest. In the later stage, we can see that the back of the leaf is covered with white spider silk spots, which can cause the leaf to fall off. Prevention and control measures: spray the following chemicals every 1-2 weeks for the prevention and control of the damage, spray for 3 or 4 times in a row, and spray all the leaves and backs as far as possible. The suitable agents are: 30% acarine 2000 × 3000 times, or 34% spiromites 4000 × 5000 times, or 3% avermectin 10000 times 12000 times, and so on.

5.2.3 thrips

Damage symptoms: damage in the leaves, mainly gathered in the young leaves, petioles and flame bracts, sucking tissue juice through the mouthparts, brown rough stripes appeared in the damaged parts, and in severe cases, the leaves and bracts were wrinkled or deformed.

Prevention and control measures: spray at the initial stage of damage, spray once every 4 to 5 days, each drug should not be used more than 3 times continuously, spray the leaf surface and back as far as possible. The suitable agents are: 30% imidacloprid 5000 × 6000 times, or 3% avermectin 10000 × 12000 times, or 3% Mobilang 3000 × 4000 times, or 22.4% mu Wangte 4000 times, or 6% ethyl spinosad 5000 times, etc.