How to grow Gleditsia sinensis? A brief discussion on the cultivation techniques of Gleditsia sinensis Forest with High benefit

Gleditsia sinensis is an economic crop with high medicinal value, which can fight cancer and reduce swelling. The market demand is particularly large, at present, wild resources are scarce, it is artificially cultivated to meet the supply of market demand, the following is a detailed high-yield and high-benefit cultivation techniques of Gleditsia sinensis.

1 Parcel selection

Gleditsia sinensis prefers warmth, light and shade tolerance. It is suitable for growing in areas where the frost-free period is not less than 180d, the light is not less than 2400h, the annual average temperature is 10.0-17.5 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is not less than-20.0 ℃. Gleditsia sinensis is drought-tolerant and water-saving, and its root system is well developed. It is suitable for growing in areas with rainfall of more than 300mm. Generally, sunny slopes and semi-sunny slopes are suitable for planting when the altitude is below 600 m. In addition, Gleditsia does not have strict requirements on the soil, as long as it is well drained, it can grow in places where the soil layer is fertile and deep, and can also grow on light saline-alkali soil.

2 key points of afforestation techniques

2.1 planting density

2.1.1 routine close planting. The row spacing is 1.50 m × 2.00 m. At present, this model is adopted in most places, and the yield increases slowly in the first 3 to 5 years, but it can be intercropped with peanuts and legumes.

2.1.2 close planting is planned. The row spacing was 0.75 m × 2.00 m, and the planting density was 444 plants / 667 m 2. The advantages of this method are as follows: first, the output increases rapidly, the early economic benefit is good, the output value of the second year is more than 3000 yuan / 667m 2; second, the rice diameter of the general acacia tree can reach 3000 yuan in four or five years, and the value of each green seedling is about 100yuan. 50% of the plants can be removed and sold as green seedlings, and the output value of green seedlings is more than 20 000 yuan / 667m 2, and it can also be transplanted to build a garden. Third, transplanting can eliminate the plants with lower yield of soap thorns, and retain more superior plants, which is beneficial to retain the plants to further increase the yield; fourth, it is wide between rows to facilitate fertilization, spraying and pruning.

2.1.3 Super-dense acacia garden model. The row spacing of the super-dense acacia orchard was (0.50 × 0.80) m × 1.00m, and the planting density was 840 × 1334 / 667m 2. The clump-shaped tree was mostly selected, and about 10.0 cm of flat stubble was retained every year, and the new branches in the same year were used to harvest soap thorns.

2.1.4 the planting mode of ridge. It was planted along the ridge outside the terraced fields in hills and mountain areas, and the plant spacing was 2.00 to 3.00 m.

2.1.5 Orchard shelterbelt model. In the periphery of the orchard, double-row planting was carried out according to the row spacing of (1.00 ~ 1.50) m × (2.50 ~ 3.00) m, giving consideration to protection and soap thorn production. Most of this model is in the shape of cluster trees.

2.1.6 the intercropping mode of Gleditsia sinensis and medicinal materials. It can be intercropped with traditional Chinese medicine such as honeysuckle, peony and so on.

2.2 method of land preparation

The cultivation garden can adopt trenching and soil preparation, that is, the planting ditch can be excavated according to the horizontal line, and the "four sides" and sporadic tree planting can use large holes for soil preparation, that is, the length, width and depth of the planting ditch are 1.00 m, excavated in winter and backfilled in early spring. General afforestation uses small holes for soil preparation, watering, sealing the soil, stepping on the soil and covering with plastic film after planting to ensure survival.

2.3 planting

2.3.1 Seedling selection. Ⅰ and Ⅱ seedlings are required to come out of the nursery for afforestation. Generally, the ground diameter of Ⅰ seedlings is more than 0.8 cm, and that of Ⅱ seedlings is more than 0.6 cm. Generally, about 30.0 cm of seedling stem can be cut off for afforestation, which can significantly improve the survival rate. It is best to plant at different levels. Seedlings must keep their roots intact, free from diseases and insect pests, free from mechanical damage and without water loss.

2.3.2 planting season. It should be planted in cloudy days from late October (after defoliation) to March of the following year, but planting should be avoided in the severe winter. Planted from late October to November, because of sufficient soil moisture and early root recovery, it is beneficial to survive and improve growth.

2.3.3 apply base fertilizer. Fully mature barnyard manure 10.00 to 20.00 kg and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 0.25 kg were applied to each hole, and then the topsoil was backfilled.

2.3.4 planting method. Prune the roots of seedlings properly before planting. The roots of seedlings were soaked in water or rooting powder for more than 12 hours to make the seedlings fully absorb water. When planting, straighten the seedlings, bury the soil to the rhizosphere, gently lift the seedlings by hand, so that the roots stretch, and then try to be as solid as possible. After planting, pour the root water thoroughly, cover it with loose soil, and then cover it with funnel-shaped plastic film.

2.4 tending and management

2.4.1 Young forest tending. The young forest left a 1 m 2 tree plate within 3 years after afforestation. Young forest tending is mainly weeding and soil cultivation, weeding is carried out from June to July every year, and reclamation is carried out in October, which should not be dug deeply, so as not to damage the roots of young trees.

2.4.2 fertilization. Twice a year, the first is in the middle of March and the second is in the first and middle of June. The main fertilizer is organic fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied at the same time. The annual amount of compound fertilizer is 0.25 ~ 0.50 kg/. One year after afforestation, the ditch application was 30.0 cm away from the young tree, and 3 years later, it was applied along the crown projection line of the young tree.

2.4.3 intercropping and interplanting. Afforestation on young woodland or sloping land with gentle slope can interplant cash crops with nitrogen fixation such as peanuts and legumes or green manure, and the distance between crops and Gleditsia should be kept at 100.0 cm.

2.4.4 Water management. Pay attention to timely drainage in the rainy season and strictly prevent waterlogging. If there are conditions, it can be irrigated properly in case of drought.

2.5 trim and trim

2.5.1 Tree. One is short and dry. This is the suitable tree shape of the thorn forest, and the trunk height is about 100.0 cm, leaving no main branches. All the branches were harvested and sold every year, and they could be restored in one growing season. After 5 years, 70,200 thorns could be harvested per plant, 1.50 to 3.60 kg. This tree shape thorn picking operation is convenient, the deficiency is that the transplanted tree can not be sold as a green tree.

The second is the high dry form. It is suitable for picking thorns and cultivating large green seedlings for the purpose of picking thorns, finally retaining the trunk height of 200.0mm 300.0 cm, cutting off the trunk every year, leaving no main branches, and cutting and selling all the germinated branches on the trunk in autumn and winter. It can recover in one growing season. After 5 years, 70 thorns can be harvested per plant with 200 branches per year, ranging from 1.50 to 3.60 kg. The DBH of the trunk of the five-year-old tree is 5.0-12.0 cm, which can be used as a high-grade greening seedling for urban greening. Because of the high trunk, the upper branches can use tools such as high branch shears and herringbone ladders when picking thorns. Although it is not convenient to pick thorns, the transplanted trees can be used as urban greening seedlings with high economic benefits.

2.5.2 pruning techniques. There are two kinds of thinning branches and truncation. Thinning branches, also known as thinning, is to thoroughly cut the branches from the base; truncation is to cut off part of the branches.

2.5.3 main points of pruning. No pruning is done in the growing season of 1 ~ 3 years, but it is allowed to grow at will in order to cultivate roots. In the deciduous season (November to March of the following year), combined with picking thorns, an erect and stout branch was selected as the trunk after being cut short from the full buds in the middle, and all the other annual branches were removed on the spot or transported back to the processing site for prickling sale. It will be the same every year from now on. The acacia tree after winter pruning is like a telephone pole in the ground. When the trunk reaches the planned stem height, it will be treated with falling head during winter pruning, and the annual branches will be removed every year, so that the trunk will not be extended.

2.5.4 the advantages of pruning. First, the tree shape is consistent, the pruning technique is simple, there is no need to hire skilled workers, the labor cost of pruning can be greatly reduced, and even mechanical pruning can be tried. Second, because the annual branches are basically not retained, the amount of soap thorns cut directly from growing trees is reduced. Third, it does not leave the main branches and sprouts directly from the trunk every year, and the woodland area occupied by a single tree is small, which is beneficial to improve the density and thorn yield per unit area of acacia trees. Fourth, the pruning intensity is large, which is helpful to stimulate the self-defense ability of the acacia tree, stimulate the long thorns and grow thorns. Fifth, it does not leave the main branches and side branches, and shoots directly from the trunk every year. Due to the short transport distance of nutrients and water, it is easy to grow branches and thorns.

2.6 Disease and pest control

Adhere to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control", apply forest management, biological, physical and chemical control measures according to local conditions, and strengthen the prediction and forecast of diseases and insect pests. In addition, pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue and low lethality to natural enemies should be selected, and the use of biological pesticides should be advocated. Attention should be paid to the reasonable and alternate use of different pesticides to prevent diseases and insect pests from producing drug resistance, pay attention to the quality of spraying, control the number of spraying, and forbid spraying pesticides 30 days before harvest.

2.6.1 disease. There are few diseases harmful to Gleditsia, so we should pay attention to observation, find problems, and use drugs for symptoms.

2.6.2 insect pests. The main pests harmful to Gleditsia are aphids, butterflies, shell insects, longicorn beetles and so on. For aphids, the leaves can be washed with water or soapy water, or the damaged parts can be removed; the source of overwintering insects can be eliminated, nearby weeds can be removed, and the fields can be thoroughly cleared; during the period of aphid danger, 5% imidacloprid EC can be used to spray 2000-3000 times. For Zanthoxylum bungeanum butterfly, it can be killed manually or sprayed with 30 billion / g spore green fungus powder 1 000 × 2 000 times. For scale insects, attention should be paid to improving ventilation and light transmission conditions; the spread range of shell insects is very small, and quarantine work without insect-carrying materials is the most effective control measure; if insect pests have occurred, bamboo sticks can be used to scrape off the scale insects, or cut off the damaged parts, or spray 25% of the liquid to kill the medium 1, 000, 1, 200 times. For longicorn beetles, adults can be culled artificially; tree trunks are painted white; small cotton balls are dipped in fumigants such as dichlorvos to plug wormholes and kill larvae. Soaked in 90 ℃ hot water for 20 ~ 30 s, or fumigated with aluminum phosphide, the larvae in the seeds can be eliminated.

The above is the cultivation technology of Gleditsia acuminata forest. In the editor's view, it is not only of high medicinal value, but also of great market demand and broad planting prospects. If you want to develop the planting industry, you can choose to plant Gleditsia sinensis.