Control methods of eggplant cotton blight

Eggplant cotton blight, also known as rotten eggplant, falling eggs, rotten water, etc., is common in various vegetable areas. Eggplant in open fields and eggplants in protected areas can be harmed. In rainy or rainy years in early summer or rainy and foggy years in autumn, the disease is serious and often causes a large number of fruit rot, which directly affects the yield. Let's take a look at the prevention and control methods of eggplant cotton blight.

Develop symptoms

Eggplant seedling disease, the base of the stem is immersed in water, the development is very fast, often lead to quenching, resulting in seedling death. At the adult stage, the leaves are susceptible and produce water-immersed irregular disease spots with obvious wheel lines, but the edges are not obvious, brown or purplish brown, and a small amount of white mildew grows on the disease spots when it is wet. The damage to the stem showed water-immersed constriction, sometimes broken, and white mildew. After being infected, the flower organ is brown and rotten. The fruit suffered the most, began to appear water-immersed round spots, the edge is not obvious, slightly sunken, yellowish brown to dark brown. The flesh of the diseased part is dark brown and rotten, and there are white flocculent hyphae on the surface of the diseased part under high humidity conditions, and the diseased fruit is easy to fall off or shrink into stiff fruit.

Disease condition

The optimum temperature for development is 30 ℃, and the air relative humidity is more than 95%. In the range of high temperature, the humidity in the shed is an important factor to determine whether the disease occurs or not. In addition, continuous cropping land, high groundwater level, poor drainage, close planting, poor ventilation, or protected areas behind the scenes in case of rain, or curtain dripping, resulting in stagnant water and moisture on the ground, are easy to induce the disease. The disease is easy to occur when high temperature and humidity, sunny after rain, excessive plant density, poor ventilation and light transmission, low-lying terrain and heavy soil viscosity.

Open field control

1. Plastic film mulching: black plastic film is used to cover the ground or spread between rows, which can block the spatter transmission of germ spores to eggplant fruit in the soil. It can also use sunlight to sterilize at high temperature and prevent the growth of weeds.

2. Scientific fertilizer and water: adequate application of mature organic fertilizer to prevent high temperature and humidity, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promote the healthy growth of plants and improve plant resistance.

3. Fine management: pruning timely, removing the lower old leaves, improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, removing diseased leaves and fruits in time, and taking the diseased bodies out of the field to prevent re-infection.

Greenhouse prevention and control

1. Resistant varieties: such as Xingcheng Ziyuan eggplant, Guizhou winter eggplant, Tongxuan No. 1, Jinan Zaoxiaochang eggplant, bamboo silk eggplant, Liaoke No. 3, Fengyan 11, Qingxuan 4, Laolaihei and so on.

2. Seed disinfection: disinfecting the seeds before sowing, such as soaking the seeds in warm water of 50 ℃ ~ 55 ℃ for 7 minutes and then sowing for 8 minutes, can greatly reduce the occurrence of cotton blight.

3. Pot seedling cultivation: 288 holes with six plates and one seed per hole can be used, with sufficient nutrients, developed root system, no or less root injury during planting, enhanced disease resistance and reduced the chance of infection.

4. implement crop rotation: it is necessary to arrange plots reasonably and avoid continuous cropping with tomatoes, peppers and other Solanaceae and cucurbitaceae crops. Crop rotation is generally carried out for more than 3 years.

5. Carefully select the land: choose the high-dry land to plant eggplant and turn the land deeply. High border cultivation was used to cover plastic film to prevent the spread of bacteria from soil to aboveground and promote the development of root system.