Planting techniques of Chili vegetable

Ercai is a kind of vegetable with very strange growth. at a certain stage of seedling growth, the buds growing from the axils of the leaves continue to expand, so that they are replaced by inflated buds. Each bud is 100g to 200g, and each plant has 15 to 20 buds. It is very beautiful, nutritious, delicate and delicious. Let's take a look at the planting techniques.

Sowing techniques of Chili

1. Seed selection: there are many local varieties of Ercai, and different varieties have different disease resistance, appearance commodity, ripening period, yield and quality, and there are great differences between early-maturing varieties, such as very early-maturing varieties, Zaowa-1 and Duofu-1, and so on. it has the advantages of beautiful vegetable shape, high yield and good disease resistance. The sowing date of precocious and middle and late maturing is the same, but the length of growth period and the time of harvest are different.

2. Nursery bed: the nursery bed chooses the shady area, which requires deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and loam or sandy loam free of diseases and insect pests. Deep turning Kang soil in the first and middle of August, spreading quicklime 15,25kg per mu for disinfection and adjusting soil acidity and alkalinity (neutral weak alkaline pH 6.5 to 8), only quicklime is sprinkled, the land will become hard and thin. Add rotten human and animal manure, superphosphate cover, plant ash, boron, magnesium, zinc and other trace elements as base fertilizer, mix well with seedbed soil, flatten out less than fine, and set aside about 1.7 meters wide.

3. Sowing: if you want to plant children's vegetables well, the choice of sowing time is very important and the effect of different sowing time is completely different. Sowing time is too early, the temperature is too high, easy to sprout into a rod-shaped, blossom, the formation of high feet. The sowing date is too late or small, in the shape of a pineapple, not easy to grow into an empty plant, prone to disease, low yield, loss of quality and commerciality.

Nursery bed breeding of Brassica campestris

1. Sowing: the optimum temperature for seed germination is about 20: 28 ℃. Before sowing, sow rotten dung water to moisten the surface of the box, sow seeds evenly (can be mixed with sand), cover 0.5cm thick fine sand, stone millet or plant ash after sparse sowing, and cover with straw or sunshade net after spraying pesticides. When 75% young cotyledons are spreading, the straw or shading net should be removed in time in the evening to prevent young seedlings from growing in case of high temperature and drought. Soil surface cracking, choose evening and early morning watering drought protection seedlings, and use a small arch shed to build a sunshade net to avoid the summer.

2. Interseedling: during the whole seedling period, the seedlings were planted 2-3 times, and light human and animal manure were applied 2-3 times. When 4 true leaves appeared in the seedlings, the seedling age was about 25 days. The soil was moved out of the seedling bed with a row spacing of 10-15 cm, and the roots were fixed by watering thin human and animal feces. After 15-20 days of pseudo-planting, the old and strong seedlings could be planted, and a small number of extra-large seedlings were pulled out and thrown away before false planting.

3. Strong seedlings: seedlings sown before September 10 in the Gregorian calendar must be re-planted by pseudo-planting slow seedlings and cultivating strong seedlings, and the old strong seedlings cultivated for about 30 days after late sowing can be planted directly. It is suitable to plant old and strong seedlings, but not to plant tender seedlings and tall seedlings. Nutrition bowl and hole plate can also be used to raise seedlings professionally, and then planted after forming old and strong seedlings in nutrition bowl and hole plate.

Field management of children's vegetables

1. Planting: select sandy loam or loam land or greenhouse with deep soil layer, shelter from the wind and sun, water benefit and convenient drainage and irrigation. In the south, we can choose paddy field cultivation after rice harvest, use free land cultivation in winter and make efficient use of land. The main ditch is 35cm deep, 30cm wide, and the width of the box is controlled at about 3.5m. The straw after harvest is mechanically cut to grow about 5cm and sprinkled on the field.

2. Land preparation: ploughing the field about 20 days before transplanting, spreading 50,80kg compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer per mu before ploughing, turning over more than 30cm deep, opening the box according to 1.8m after the land is leveled, opening holes 10 days before planting, 3 rows per box, covering the bottom nest with decomposed compost and superphosphate, and spraying herbicides to prevent weeds after covering the soil.

3. Transplant: after 10 days, choose to transplant with soil on a sunny day or in a sunny day, watering and fixing root water in time after planting, and chasing human and animal fertilizer, water, fertilizer and fertilizer twice after planting to facilitate seedling extraction. 35-40 days after planting, the Beginning of Winter re-applied opening fertilizer before and after planting, applying 25003000kg of human and animal manure per mu, 20kg of urea, 20kg of superphosphate, 15kg of potassium sulfate, and a small amount of phosphate, boron or compound fertilizer. A small hole was opened 15 cm away from the plant, fertilizer and water were applied and covered with soil to protect the root. About 60 days after planting, Ercai was in the initial stage of rapid expansion, and the biogas liquid of human and animal manure plus urea was applied once.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of pastoris

1. After sowing dung and covering seeds in the seedbed, spray 40% dimethoate, aphid laojing, Aktai, imidacloprid and other pesticides 500 times 800 times in order to kill aphids and ants (to prevent the removal of aphids) and other related pests.

2. In order to control the blight at the seedling stage, the seeds can be soaked in 300-500 times solution of carbendazim, Quantang Dan and Miaomianduo, and the seedbed soil can be sprayed with 20 grams of powder mixed with 10 kilograms of fine soil and around the roots, or 600-800 times.

3. Soft rot can be sprayed with 14% complex nitrogen copper solution, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate 2000 times solution (500mg / kg), or 3% bacteriocin wettable powder 1000 times, etc.

4. At the initial stage of the disease, the virus disease can be sprayed with 300 times of 5% Zhishanling, 400 times of 5% Shiduqing wettable powder, or 500 times of 500 times of carbendazim 800 times, etc. If virus-infected plants are found, they should be uprooted and packed in plastic bags and destroyed outside the field.

5. The downy mildew should be sprayed on the back of the leaves with 500 times 800 times of frost plague, 500 times 800 times of plain frost, or 58% Remicol or 70% Baidefu 500 times 700 times, every 5-7 days, 2 times in a row. The temperature is slightly higher, suddenly hot and cold, rainy and humid, etc., prone to downy mildew.

6. The armybeetle was sprayed with 50% dichlorvos EC, 50% phoxim EC 1500 times, 40% pyrethroid EC 2000 times and so on.

7. Infuse the root with 50% isocarbophos 600 × 800 times solution.

8. Aphids can be sprayed with imidacloprid, 1000 times solution of compound remonstrant insecticides or trapped and killed with yellow board every 7 to 10 days. When the disease is serious, it will lead to abnormalities such as infantile vegetables, children or small children or bald heads, which will seriously affect the yield and efficiency.

Note: the whole growth period must not dry application of urea, fertilization should grasp the principle of first light and then heavy, first control and then chase, to control the excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer, in case the plant grows too much, too prosperous and too tender, it will lead to the delay of hair time, small and small hair, can not stand frost, seriously affect the yield and the quality of commercial dishes. In autumn and early winter, light dung and water should be applied frequently to protect seedlings, and there was redness at the top in the late stage of lack of fertilizer and water, lack of boron fertilizer and untimely harvest. It is necessary to avoid deep ploughing to remove seedlings, deep ploughing is easy to hurt roots and spread diseases, and diseases should be caused by shoveling or pulling grass by hand on the surface of the soil. If there are mustard crops that have been cultivated for more than 2 years, otherwise the yield is low and easy to occur.