Planting technique of zucchini

Zucchini, also known as bear melon, white melon, small melon, vegetable melon, urticaria, etc., is an annual trailing herb of the pumpkin family, native to southern North America. China began to introduce cultivation from Europe in the middle of the 19th century, and the fruit was used as a vegetable. contains more vitamin C, glucose and other nutrients, with high cultivation value, let's take a look at zucchini planting technology!

Growth habits of zucchini

1. Temperature: the optimum temperature of zucchini growth period is 20: 25 ℃, the growth is slow below 15 ℃, and the growth stops below 8 ℃. Over 30 ℃, the growth is slow and diseases are very easy to occur. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25: 30 ℃, 13 ℃ can germinate, but very slow, 30: 35 ℃ germination is the fastest, but easy to cause overgrowth. The flowering and fruiting period needs a higher temperature, and it is generally best to keep 22: 25 ℃. The lowest temperature for root growth was 6 ℃, and the lowest temperature for root hair formation was 12 ℃. The fertilized fruit can develop normally when the night temperature is 8-10 ℃.

2. Light: the light intensity of zucchini is moderate and can withstand weak light, but it is easy to grow when the light is insufficient. In terms of photoperiod, it belongs to short-day plants, long-day conditions are beneficial to stem and leaf growth, and melon-bearing period is earlier under short-day conditions.

3. Humidity: zucchini like to be moist and not resistant to drought. Virus diseases are easy to occur under high temperature and drought conditions, but high temperature and high humidity are also easy to cause powdery mildew.

4. Soil: zucchini is not strict to the soil, sand, loam and clay can be cultivated, and the loam with deep soil layer is easy to get high yield.

Cultivated varieties of zucchini

1. Mosaic zucchini: mosaic zucchini, also known as Algerian zucchini. It is widely cultivated in northern China. The vine is short, erect, less branched, compact and suitable for close planting. The leaf blade is palmately parted, narrow and long, with gray-white spots near the veins. The fifth to sixth nodes of the main vine bear the first female flower, and there are 3 or 5 melons per plant. Melon long oval, dark green peel, with yellow-green irregular stripes, melon flesh green and white, dense meat, less fiber.

2. Seedless zucchini: the seeds of seedless zucchini have no seed coat, and they are varieties that can be eaten with seeds. The plant is trailing, 1.6 meters long, the first female flower is born in the seventh to ninth nodes, and then another female flower appears at intervals of 1-3 nodes. Melons are short columns, and tender melons can be used as vegetables. The peel of the old ripe melon is orange, and the single melon weighs 4-5 kg.

3. Green zucchini: the vine of green zucchini is 3 meters long and 2.2 centimeters thick. The leaf heart is dirty, dark green, and the leaf edge is irregularly serrated. The first female flower is born in the fourth to sixth nodes of the main vine. Melon long oval, smooth epidermis, green-white, angled 6. Generally speaking, a single melon weighs 2 to 3 kilograms.

4, long vine zucchini: long vine zucchini plant creeping growth, stem vine length of about 2.5 meters, medium branching. Leaves triangular, lobed, green, dorsally hairy. The main vine began to bear melons after the ninth section, and there were 2 or 3 melons per plant. Melon cylindric, slightly thinner in middle.

Cultivation techniques of zucchini

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer for soil preparation, generally 2000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer, 75 kg of cake fertilizer, 40 kg of compound fertilizer and 80 kg of plant ash are applied per mu. Spread fertilizer evenly on the ground, turn it 30 cm deep and flatten the ground.

2. Ditching and bed adjustment: using deep trench and high border and mulching with plastic film. Generally, the width of the border is 100 cm, the height of the border is 20 cm, and the width of the ditch is 25 cm to 30 cm. Before covering the film, the border surface should be leveled again and herbicide should be sprayed. When covering the film, it must be tightened and covered flat, so that the plastic film and the border cover are close, and the sides of the film are compacted with soil. After fertilizing the land as a border film, smoke with 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent 1 kg per mu before planting, and the greenhouse was closed for disinfection for about 7 days.

3. Timely planting: it is generally planted in the middle of March, when the seedlings are just unfolded in 3 leaves and 1 heart or 4 leaves, the seedling age is about 30 days. The small varieties were planted in double rows according to the plant spacing of 40 × 40 cm, with about 1800 plants per mu. The large varieties were planted in double rows according to the plant spacing of 50 × 50 cm, with about 1600 plants per mu. Pour the seedling bed with water one day before planting, select strong seedlings and good seedlings, transplant the roots with more soil as far as possible, let the roots stretch normally during planting, pour root water after planting, and cover the planting holes tightly with fine soil, and then water them once a day until the seedlings survive.

4. Temperature management: there is no ventilation in the slow seedling stage, increase the temperature of the shed and promote rooting. The greenhouse temperature should be kept at 25: 28 ℃ during the day and 18: 20 ℃ at night. When the greenhouse temperature exceeds 30 ℃ at noon on a sunny day, it can be properly ventilated. After seedling retardation, the greenhouse temperature was controlled at 20: 25 ℃ in daytime and 12: 15 ℃ at night, which was beneficial to female flower differentiation and early sitting. After sitting melon, keep the temperature to 22: 26 ℃ in daytime, 15: 18 ℃ at night, and the lowest is not less than 10 ℃. Increasing the temperature difference between day and night is beneficial to nutrition accumulation and melon expansion.

5. Pollination and fruit protection: artificial pollination must be adopted when the temperature is low in early spring. Generally, before 9: 00 in the morning, the male flowers blooming on the same day are picked, the Corolla is removed, and the stigma of the female flower is gently smeared. Or use anti-falling hormone, fruit set ling and other plant hormones according to the instructions.

6. Fertilizer and water management: timely watering according to soil moisture. When there is a lack of fertilizer in the later stage, the broken film can be applied by topdressing 10kg / mu of compound fertilizer or spraying foliar fertilizer.

7. Timely harvest: zucchini mainly eat tender melons, harvest when they meet the requirements of commercial melons, keep more melons and big melons for growing plants, and harvest melons late for growing plants. Plants with weak growth should leave fewer melons and pick melons early. Do not damage the main vine when picking, and leave the stalk on the main vine as far as possible.

Summary: zucchini fruit is cylindrical, small fruit shape, smooth fruit surface, to pick tender fruit for vegetables, with thin skin, thick meat, juicy, meat can be vegetarian, vegetables can be stuffed and loved by people, and the cultivation prospect is very good. All right, the editor of zucchini planting technology is introduced here. Let's continue to take a look at the pest control technology of zucchini.

The main diseases and insect pests of zucchini include virus disease, powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mildew, vine blight, aphids, whitefly, black soil silkworm (small land tiger) and so on. we should grasp the occurrence rules of various diseases in different cultivation environments, on the basis of disease-resistant varieties and cultivation of disease-free seedlings, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission in facilities and fields, reduce air humidity and strengthen fertilizer and water management. Combined with the comprehensive technology of biological control and rational use of high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue pesticides, continuous cropping should be avoided. Rotation with spinach, leek and cabbage can reduce the harm of Liriomyza huidobrensis.

Cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings

1. Variety selection: zucchini can be cultivated with Zaoqing generation, Jasper, PS zucchini and Jade Guanyin, which are more resistant to virus and powdery mildew.

2. Seed disinfection: soak the zucchini seeds with 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes, rinse with clean water and sow the seeds, or soak the seeds with 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 30 minutes, rinse with clean water, dry and sow the seeds.

3. Soil disinfection: choose disease-free new soil or sterilized soil as nutrition bowl to raise seedlings. The soil of the seedbed was treated with 50% carbendazim or 50% thiram wettable powder, with a dosage of 5 grams per square meter.

4. Strengthen management: cover seedlings with anti-insect net or sunshade net in summer and autumn to prevent aphids and spread virus diseases. Sowing density should not be too large, seedling division or grafting at cotyledon stage, and proper ventilation to prevent excessive growth of seedlings.

Scientific field management

1. Clean up the countryside, remove the remaining branches and leaves, burn or bury them deeply, eradicate weeds on the edge of the field, and turn the soil 30 cm deep after applying basic fertilizer to reduce the source of bacteria.

2. high border cultivation and plastic film mulching are adopted, micro-drip irrigation or dark irrigation under plastic film are adopted in winter, and fog-free film is adopted in protected cultivation, so as to strengthen the control of temperature and humidity in greenhouse, timely ventilation, proper control of watering, and timely moisture drainage after watering to control the occurrence of diseases.

3. Hanging vines in time, diseased leaves, diseased melons and old leaves should be removed in time and taken out of the ground and buried deeply. Zucchini in the open field should be ploughed and weeded timely to loosen the soil.

4. Solar greenhouse and greenhouse zucchini require that the leaf surface should not dew or the dew time should not exceed 2 hours. After sunrise in the morning, the temperature of the greenhouse should be controlled at 25: 30 ℃, the maximum should not exceed 33 ℃, and the humidity should be about 75%. From noon to afternoon, the temperature drops to 20: 25 ℃ and the humidity drops to about 70%. The shed is closed in the evening, and the temperature can drop to 11: 12 ℃ from night to early morning. If the temperature reaches more than 13 ℃, it can be ventilated all night to reduce the humidity in the shed. Watering should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day, and the shed should be closed after watering, so that the temperature will rise to 35-40 ℃ and let off air slowly after being stuffy for 1 hour. In case of continuous rain, watering should be controlled.

5. in the agricultural operation, the diseased plant should be separated from the healthy plant to avoid spreading the virus, or wash hands with soapy water after operation on the diseased plant, and then operate on the healthy plant.

Biological prevention and control

The main results are as follows: 1. The yellow board is set up in the protected area to trap and kill whitefly, aphid and Liriomyza huidobrensis, which can also release aphid wasps to control whitefly.

2. 1% agricultural antibiotic Wuyisin can be selected to control Botrytis cinerea and powdery mildew.

3. Use 2% Ningnanmycin 2000.250 times to prevent and cure the virus at the initial stage of the disease.

4. Control leaf mite and Liriomyza huidobrensis with 0.9% mites EC 3000 times.

5. 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times and neophytomycin 4000 times were used to control bacterial leaf blight.

Chemical control

1. For the control of powdery mildew in protected areas, 45% chlorothalonil smoke remover 250 g per mu, or 5% chlorothalonil dust agent 1 kg per mu, and 6.5% chlorothalonil 1 kg per mu can be used to control Botrytis cinerea.

2. To control powdery mildew and Botrytis cinerea, you can choose 65% metalaxyl wettable powder 1500 times, 15% copper triazole wettable powder 1500 times, 40% Fuxing EC 8000 times, or 28% gray mildew wettable powder 500x, or 50% Shu Ke wettable powder 600x 800 times, or 50% propofoin wettable powder 600x.

3. When dipping flowers with paracetamol and so on, 0.1% 50% Sukeling and 28% Botrytis cinerea can reduce the occurrence of Botrytis cinerea.

4. 25% Qingkuling wettable powder 500 times solution to control bacterial leaf blight.

5. In the early stage of virus disease, 1.5% Zhishanling 600x liquid, or 20% virus A wettable powder 500x solution, or 5% bacteriological dewatering agent 20000300 times solution or potassium permanganate 1000 times solution and Aiduoshui 6000 times solution can be used for prevention and control.

6. To control aphids, whitefly and Liriomyza huidobrensis, 10% Dagongchen wettable powder 1000 times, or 2.5% Uranus wettable powder 2000 times, or 2.5% Kungfu EC 2000 times.

7. The control of black soil silkworm can kill 2000 times with 2.5% of the enemy.