Cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

Xiuzhen mushroom scientific name Lentinus edodes, a kind of Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, etc., belongs to the genus Pleurotus ostreatus in taxonomy. Pleurotus ostreatus is praised by diners for its pleasing shape, fresh and crisp, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and its nutritional value is equivalent to milk and has high cultivation value. let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of rare mushrooms.

Temperature

The humidity range of mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus is 10: 35 ℃, which is the most suitable for the growth of 25-27 ℃. When the temperature was lower than 10 ℃, the mycelium basically stopped growing, less than 20 ℃, the mycelium grew slowly, higher than 30 ℃, the mycelium grew sparse, the color turned yellow, and it was easy to aging. When the temperature was higher than 37 ℃, the mycelium stopped growing. The temperature range of fruiting body growth is wide, and it can produce mushrooms under the condition of 10-32 ℃, which is different from other Pleurotus ostreatus.

Humidity

The basic requirement for the growth of Xiuzhen mushroom mycelium is 65% water content, from primordium formation to physical maturity, and the air relative humidity is 85-90%. When the air relative humidity is less than 70%, the primordium is produced less, and the mushroom is easy to wilt. When the relative humidity is higher than 95%, the fruiting body is prone to soft decay.

Air

Xiuzhen mushroom needs special ventilation conditions in the mycelium stage and good ventilation conditions in the fruiting body stage. If the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is higher than 0.1%, it is easy to form deformed mushrooms with small cap and long stalk.

Light

Xiuzhen mushroom mycelium stage does not need light, fruiting body stage needs light, scattered light can induce primordium formation and differentiation, fruiting body can not be produced without light, fruiting body grows normally between 200 ~ 2000 lux light, too dark light is easy to form deformed mushroom, too strong especially direct photon body is easy to dry.

PH value

Xiuzhen mushroom is suitable for the growth of alkaline environment, so the PH value of culture material is usually adjusted to 7.2-7.5 with 3-5% raw lime water in production, which can not only promote the growth of mycelium, but also inhibit the effect of high temperature mold in summer.

Nutrition

The growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus needs carbon, nitrogen and various mineral nutrients, like other fungi, it does not contain chlorophyll and can not produce nutrients by photosynthesis, but depends entirely on ready-made organic matter. In the process of its development, the required carbon, nitrogen, minerals and auxin are obtained from the cultivation materials.

Conclusion: the cultivation conditions of Xiuzhen mushroom are introduced here, let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of Xiuzhen mushroom. The artificial cultivation of Xiuzhen mushroom has a wide range of raw materials, and the cultivation technology is easy to operate. The stalks of sawdust, cottonseed hull, rice and wheat stalk, corncob and other crops can be cultivated. The yield of fresh mushrooms is 80kg / 100kg. The period from cultivation inoculation to the end of mushroom production is 4-5 months, and it can be planted for 2 seasons a year.

Strain isolation

The Xiuzhen mushroom strain used in production comes from two aspects: one is to separate and obtain pure hyphae from the fruiting body, and the other is to introduce directly to scientific research institutions and strain production units, which are generally obtained from the separation, purification and rejuvenation of fruiting bodies. Because the general growers do not have the conditions for separation and seed production, they are directly introduced from the strain production units.

Cultivation season

According to the temperature of Xiuzhen Pleurotus ostreatus, bag-making is arranged from February to March in spring and May to August in autumn, and bag-making time can be arranged in advance at high altitude.

Cultivation method

The cultivation method of Xiuzhen mushroom is basically the same as that of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus with clinker, but can not be cultivated with raw material, but can be cultivated indoors or in a shade shed outside.

Raw material formula

1. 50% sawdust, 26% corncob, 15% wheat husk, 5% corn flour, 1% sucrose, 1% gypsum powder, 2% lime, 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 25 grams of magnesium sulfate.

2. Cottonseed hull 92%, wheat husk 5%, sucrose 1%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 1%.

3. Bagasse 50%, sawdust 32%, wheat husk 15%, gypsum powder 1%, lime 2%, urea 100 grams.

4. Cottonseed hull 90%, grain hull 4%, glucose 1%, peptone 0.5%, glutamic acid 0.5%, wheat husk 4%, a small amount of lime.

Summary: corn stalks, peanut stalks, peanut shells, rice and wheat stalks can all be used as culture materials, the above raw materials should be processed and crushed, and the prepared materials should be mixed with water, with a water content of 60% 65%. In the high temperature season, the materials are piled up and fermented for 4 to 5 days and then bagged and sterilized.

Bagging sterilization

Choose high-density polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bags with specifications of 17mm 33cm or 20cm 35cm. The material should be loose and tight, and the culture material should be close to the bag wall. The material should be sterilized at 100℃ for 15 hours and 16 hours. When the temperature of the material drops to 70 ℃, the cooking pot should be cooked. Move the material bag out of the stove to the sterilized and cleaned receiving room. Close the doors and windows when the bag temperature drops below 30 ℃. Every cubic meter of space can be inoculated with aerosol disinfection box or Mushroom Bao No. 1 sterilizer for 5 hours or 6 hours. Each bottle (bag) of cultivated species can receive 20 to 30 bags. After being cultured in the place of 20: 28 ℃ at room temperature, the mycelium could grow into a full bag after about 30 to 40 days.

Mushroom production management

The main results are as follows: 1. Xiuzhen mushroom hyphae grow full bag and then continue to culture for 5-7 days, so that the hyphae reach physiological maturity, and the accumulated nutrients can be transported to the mushroom room to produce mushrooms. Out of the mushroom room for easy management requires ventilation, heat preservation, moisturizing, clean and sanitary, no garbage, no feces, no odor ditch. Before moving into the bag, the whole mushroom should be sprayed with dichlorvos and omethoate, and then sterilized with 5% formaldehyde solution.

2. The mature bacterial bags can be moved into the field to manage the mushroom production after 5 days. The layout methods include shelf stacking (suitable for factory standard three-dimensional cultivation), landing stacking, vertical bag discharge of border bed, unbagging and burying soil, and so on. No matter what, the mushroom room (shed) that has been detoxified and insecticidal should be pre-wet before the bacterial bag is moved in, and a large amount of water should be sprayed on the bedstead, wall and floor. Increase the humidity of the whole mushroom house (shed). Two or three insecticidal lamps were arranged in the mushroom house (shed) in order to control the population density.

3. After the bacteria bag enters the room for 2 days, cut off the plastic bag along the collar, scrape off the original old bacteria or hypertrophic primordium, and maintain 90% of the relative air humidity of the mushroom room. For 3-5 consecutive days, the temperature was kept at 23-25 ℃, and a certain amount of diffuse light was given every day. At this time, the mushroom room should spray water frequently and have a little ventilation.

4. Generally, when the primordium on the material surface begins to differentiate and a large number of mushroom buds are formed after 3-5 days, it is necessary to enhance the small ventilation and light time, maintain the appropriate carbon dioxide concentration, and keep the humidity at 85-90%. At this time, do not spray water directly to the mushroom bud, otherwise the mushroom bud is prone to yellowing, atrophy and death. When the bacterial cover is gradually flattened, a fine sprayer can be used to spray frequently.

5. Under dry weather conditions, mushrooms can be picked after 1-2 days. After the first tide mushrooms are all picked, it is best to scrape off all the old roots and dead mushrooms and buds on the same day, and the humidity of the mushroom room can only be maintained at 7080%, so that the surface of the culture material can be dried a little bit, so as to prevent the mildew disease of the fresh material surface and the hatching of some insect eggs. When the material surface is too dry, you can use a sprayer to spray a little fine spray, and under this condition, you can keep bacteria for 6 days and 10 days.

6. The second tidal mushroom bag after incubation needs to replenish water to the bacterial bag before it comes out, so as to increase the weight of each bag by 30g to 50g. The surface of the soil covered by border planting should not be dry or wet. After replenishing water, the mushroom bag was conditionally given a low temperature stimulation of less than 10 ℃ for 1-2 days, or a temperature difference of about 10 ℃ day and night for 3 days, while inhibiting the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. At this time, the management is the same as the first tide of mushrooms, ventilation and moisturizing is particularly important. The management of the third tide, the fourth tide and the fifth and sixth tide mushrooms is similar to that of Pleurotus ostreatus. The key is that the treatment of bacteria culture and water increase should be suitable in order to achieve stable and high yield.

Harvest and processing

The sign of the mature fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus is that the cap is up to 2cm long, the edge of the cap is curled, and it is suitable to harvest when the spores have not yet ejected. The collected fresh mushrooms are first drained, then put into the cold storage, and then moved out to repair the mushroom feet when the quantity of goods is enough, and then inspected according to sewing, packed and shipped out. Fresh mushrooms can also be soaked or processed into dried mushrooms if they cannot be sold at the moment.

Pest control

1. Insect pests should be sprayed with broad-spectrum insecticides with high efficiency, non-toxicity and short residual period, such as pyrethrum, fish vine, tobacco leaves, cypermethrin, mushroom insecticide, etc. Generally, there is no mushroom spray after harvest, and clean water is sprayed for 1 or 2 times after use.

2. Green mold was sprayed with 0.1% carbendazim water agent continuously for 2 times for 3 times, Streptomyces (red mold) disinfected the local infection place with 800 times carbendazim and diesel oil, and Mucor (long Mucor) should be picked up immediately. Yellow mold, black Rhizopus occurrence reference green mold control method.