Cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula, also known as Auricularia auricula, Auricularia auricula, etc., is a fungus of Auricularia auriculaceae, which is distributed in most parts of China and grows on willow, acacia, mulberry and other tree trunks or rotten wood. Its nutritional composition is similar to that of black fungus, which has the effect of clearing lung and tonifying qi, relieving pain and promoting blood circulation. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula.

Cultivation temperature

Auricularia auricula is a kind of medium-high temperature fungus, the mycelium growth temperature range is ~ 37 ℃, the suitable temperature is 25 ~ 30 ℃, and the mycelium growth stops when it exceeds 40 ℃. The temperature of fruiting body is 18-34 ℃, and the most suitable temperature is 22-28 ℃. At this temperature, a large number of fruiting bodies occur with high yield and good quality, and the optimum temperature for basidiospore germination is 22-25 ℃.

Cultivation humidity

The mycelium growth of Auricularia auricula requires that the water content of the culture material is about 60%, and the air relative humidity is less than 70%. If the water content of the culture material is too high and the bottom of the material is stagnant, the mycelium grows slowly or stops growing. The fruiting body development stage requires higher air humidity, and the air relative humidity of the mushroom room should be 85% 95%. Under this humidity, the fruiting body develops rapidly, the ear plexus is large and the ear piece is thick. However, if the air humidity is too high, it is easy to be infected by miscellaneous bacteria and cause ear bleeding.

Air condition

Auricularia auricula is a kind of aerobic fungus. In the process of growth and development, the air in the culture room (shed) is fresh, the oxygen is sufficient, the mycelium grows well, and the fruiting body is easy to form, elongate and open. If poor ventilation, excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide, inhibition of mycelium and fruiting body growth, but also lead to miscellaneous bacteria pollution.

Light condition

The mycelium of Auricularia auricula generally does not need light in the growth stage, but needs some scattered light in the stage of primordium differentiation and formation. The intensity of light has a direct effect on the color quality of the earpiece. Under the condition of low light, the earpiece is light, short and fine. The light is strong, the ear piece is dark, and the hair is long and thick.

Acidity and alkalinity

The optimum PH for mycelial growth of Auricularia auricula was 6.0 to 7.5. When the pH was below 4.5 or above 8.5, the mycelium growth potential was weak and the growth rate was slow. During the fruiting body growth, the suitable PH was 5.2-8.0 and the optimum PH was 6.5-7.0.

Note: Auricularia auricula is a kind of middle and high temperature ear, which is cultivated in spring, the Summer Solstice, summer and autumn, with strong vitality, wide adaptability and strong anti-mildew ability. in addition, Auricularia auricula has strong alkali resistance, and the growth of miscellaneous bacteria can be inhibited by properly adjusting the PH of culture materials. next we will take a look at the cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula.

Cultivation season

There are many cultivation methods of Auricularia auricula, but at present, most of them choose clinker bag planting mode and plastic greenhouse wall ear mode, which have the advantages of time-saving, labor-saving, convenient operation, high utilization rate per unit area and so on. According to its biological characteristics combined with the characteristics of the plastic greenhouse, it was planted in spring in the first ten days of February and put the bag out of the ear at the end of March. Autumn planting avoids the high temperature season, making bags to send bacteria in the middle of August, and putting bags out of the ear at the end of September, that is, "raise bacteria in winter, spring out of the ear." The bacteria grow in summer and the ears come out in autumn. Plastic greenhouse cultivation can be earlier and delayed about 15 days than open field cultivation, and is not affected by the rainy season.

Cultivation formula

1. Sawdust 60%, cottonseed hull 15%, corncob 15%, wheat bran 10%, plus 1% lime, 1% gypsum, 1% superphosphate.

2. Corncob 47%, sawdust 40%, wheat bran 10%, calcium superphosphate 1%, lime 1%, gypsum 1%.

Mixing and loading

1, material selection: the raw material of Auricularia auricula should be dry, clean, no mildew, no hard sundries, etc., the corncob should be crushed into particles of 0.5 cm, sawdust is screened, hard sundries are removed, mildew and spoilage culture materials affect ear production and yield, and shall not be adopted.

2. Mixing material: the water absorption of corncob and sawdust is poor, and it should be pre-wet one day in advance. After all kinds of culture materials are fully equipped, they are fully stirred and wet and soaked. The water content of the culture material is 60% 65%, and the water content is too little, which affects the hydrolysis and absorption of nutrients by mycelium. Reduced vitality. If there is too much water, the mycelium growth is inhibited, and in severe cases, asphyxiation dies. The appropriate hourly value of Ph is 5.0-6.5.

3, loading: stuffy for 1 day after mixing, turn the material pile once in the middle, so that the culture material absorbs water evenly, do not mix with dry material, otherwise disinfection is not thorough and easy to infect bacteria. Turn the material again before bagging to make the moisture in the material more uniform. Cultivation bags generally use 17 × 42 cm polypropylene bags, using bagging machine, each bag contains about 1 kg of wet material. The loading is required to be compact and moderate, and the upper and lower tightness is consistent.

Sterilization and inoculation

1, sterilization: Auricularia auricula is sterilized by atmospheric pressure steam, maintain a 12-hour cease-fire when the temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius, and then stew for 12 hours. The pot should not be filled with too much time, and there should be room for steam to fill the whole space to achieve thorough sterilization. Strict inspection of bacteria to ensure that there is no miscellaneous bacterial infection.

2. Vaccination: using the open inoculation method, 12 hours in advance, the selected white and non-contaminated bacteria and inoculation tools were put into the inoculation account, and two packets of Jing Mei Ling aerosol were ignited for sterilization. Before vaccination, lift the vents 20 cm high and 2 m long from the ground on one side of the vaccination tent and breathe for 10 minutes to dissipate the smell of medicine in the vaccination tent. The staff dressed neatly and entered the vaccination account, wiped their hands with 75% alcohol cotton balls for disinfection, arranged for personnel at the ratio of 1:4, four people stood upright and opened the bag mouth, one person mashed the cultivated seed under the alcohol lamp and quickly divided the strain, and immediately closed the mouth of the bag and gently compacted it, so that the strain was fully combined with the culture material and fastened to the mouth of the bag. Then put the other end of the bag up, open the mouth of the bag to inoculate and tie it.

Germ management

The main results are as follows: 1. The quality of bacteria is closely related to ear potential, stress resistance and the yield of Auricularia auricula. The ground in the shed should be sprinkled with quicklime powder to cause alkaline environment to inhibit the occurrence of miscellaneous bacteria. Inoculated bags on the spot into a wall stack, generally 10 bags high, leaving a distance of 40 cm between the stack and the stack, easy to ventilation and management.

2, the principle of germ temperature is low but not too high, it is appropriate to send bacteria at low temperature, do not send bacteria at high temperature, avoid burning bacteria, the temperature should be 20 to 25 degrees Celsius, not more than 28 degrees Celsius. During mycelial culture, there is no light as far as possible, lest gelatinized ear base spots grow on the unpermeable bag, which is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria. During the germ period, you should check frequently and handle it gently to prevent the bag wall from being damaged. If you find that there are miscellaneous bacteria infected, remove them in time, so as not to cause other bacterial bag infection.

3. If the harm of rats is found in the shed, quicklime should be sprinkled in time to cover the surface of the bacterial bag with a layer of lime, which can prevent the harm or release sticky mouse board. Turn over the stack for about 10 days to prevent the difference between the burning bacteria and the bacteria bag. In general, the bacteria bag can be filled in about 40 days, and then after 10 days of culture period, the mycelium is fully mature, and the primordium begins to form and code into a wall stack in time for ear management.

Ear management

1. Before arranging the ear bag, spread the ground of the ear bag with grass, and the sides are 10 centimeters wider than the ear bag. Use a woven bag to cover the floor to prevent the ear piece from getting stained with sand and the quality will decline. After laying the grass razor and the woven bag, spray the whole greenhouse with 500 times carbendazim or carbendazim. The plastic greenhouse leaves a 1-meter walkway between east and west, and ear bags are placed in the north-south direction, showing a wall stack, with a height of 10 to 12 bags and a row spacing of about 80 centimeters, so as to facilitate management and ear picking.

2. The ground with ear bags should be higher than the aisle to facilitate drainage. Use the sterilized blade to evenly open 6 to 8 V-shaped ear openings at both ends of the ear bag, with a caliber of 1.5 cm and 2 cm, with a depth of no damage to the hyphae. In the first 10 days after opening the bag, spray twice a day to keep the ground moist, with a relative humidity of 80%, a temperature difference of about 7 degrees Celsius, and ventilation once or twice a day. Ear buds begin to form under the stimulation of moisturizing, temperature difference, scattered light and ventilation.

3. When the ear buds appear, they are mainly moisturized and ventilated properly. The ear buds rapidly grow into funnel-shaped or cup-shaped young ears, spraying water 2 or 3 times a day. With the gradual growth of the ear piece and increase the amount of water spray, in the later stage of the ear piece growth, we should often observe the temperature in the shed, when the temperature is more than 30 degrees Celsius, the relative humidity is higher than 95%, and the ventilation is poor, it is easy to appear the "ear flow phenomenon". We should increase the ventilation volume and reduce the temperature and humidity.

4. when miscellaneous bacteria occur, do not use pesticides, but use lime brushes and then spray biological fungicides to enhance ventilation. The key of ear management is the humidity control of ear piece, which requires "eat less and eat more", spray frequently, spray less, dry and wet, dry and wet alternately, to ensure that the ear piece is moist without stagnant water. Generally speaking, the ear piece is sprayed less when the ear piece is small, and more when the ear piece is big. Do not spray or spray less on cloudy and rainy days, spray more on dry days on sunny days. Generally, twice a day in an hour and two or three times a day in a big day, make sure that the relative humidity is 85-95%. Spray water on the ground or space, preferably in the form of fog, do not spray water directly to the ear bag.

Harvest turning tide

1. The ear piece can be harvested when it is ripe. Under normal circumstances, it takes 15 to 25 days from primordium to harvest. The primary fruiting body of Auricularia auricula is cup-shaped, and then gradually unfolds and grows into an ear shape. Many ear pieces are linked together in the shape of a chrysanthemum, with a diameter of 10 cm to 20 cm. It can be harvested when the ear piece is fully expanded and the edge begins to contract.

2. Stop spraying water for 1 day before harvest, let the earpiece dry slightly, it is not easy to break when picking, pick ears in sunny days as far as possible, which is conducive to drying. The ear picking method is to pinch the ear base with the hand and pick the whole cluster of fruiting bodies. If the ears are uneven, you can pick the big and the small, first pick the big ones above and mature ones, and keep the small ones below to continue to grow.

3. The ear roots must be harvested during harvest to avoid rotting ears caused by miscellaneous bacteria or insect pests and affecting the growth of the next batch of ears. After the ear piece is harvested, stop spraying water for 3 days, let the mycelium grow again, and carry on the ear management. After about 15 days of water management, ears can be harvested again, generally 3 or 4 times in a row.