Cost and profit of interplanting lotus root

The lotus root originated in India and was introduced into China a long time ago. In the Northern and Southern dynasties, the cultivation of lotus root has been quite common, that is, it can be eaten raw or cooked, and its medicinal value is quite high. The powder made from lotus root can relieve diarrhea, appetizer and clear heat, nourish and prevent internal bleeding. It has been chosen as a royal meal tribute during the period of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty. Let's take a look at the cost and profit of lotus root interplanting.

Growth environment of lotus root

1. Temperature: Lotus root likes to be warm. The seeds of lotus root above 15 ℃ can germinate. In the peak growth period, the temperature is 20: 30 ℃ and the water temperature is 21: 25 ℃. The initial stage of lotus root formation requires a higher temperature to facilitate the expansion of the lotus root, while in the later stage, it requires a large temperature difference between day and night, about 25 ℃ in the day and 15 ℃ at night, in order to facilitate the accumulation of nutrients and the enrichment of the lotus root. During the dormant period, it is required to keep more than 5 ℃ and less than 5 ℃, so the lotus root is easy to be frozen.

2. Light: the lotus root is a light-loving plant, which is not tolerant to shade, sufficient light is required during the growth period, and the requirement of sunshine length is not strict. Sufficient light in the early stage is beneficial to the growth of stems and leaves. Sufficient light in the later stage is beneficial to flowering, fruiting and enriching the lotus root.

3. Moisture: water is indispensable in the whole growth period of lotus root, shallow water is required in the bud growth stage, and the water level is 5cm to 10cm. As the plant enters the vigorous growth stage, the water level is required to gradually deepen to 30-50 cm. Later, with the flowering, fruiting and lotus root, the water level should gradually fall shallow, until the lotus root dormancy overwintering, as long as the soil is fully moist or keep shallow water. If the water level is too deep, it is easy to cause lotus root delay and thin lotus root body. When the water level rises sharply and the lotus leaves are submerged for more than 1 day, it is easy to cause the death of the leaves.

4. Soil: loam and clay loam rich in organic matter are the most suitable for lotus root growth. the content of soil organic matter should be at least 1.5%. The soil pH should be between 5.6 and 7.5, and 6.5 is the most suitable. Lotus root requires equal emphasis on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and there are some differences among varieties. The variety of seed lotus type needs more nitrogen and phosphorus, while the lotus lotus type needs more nitrogen and potassium.

Early lotus root-late rice model

The main results are as follows: 1. model advantages: Lotus root is planted from late March to early April, harvested and dug in mid-July, late rice is sown in mid-late June, and transplanted in late July. This model has the advantages of early application, large area, small investment and stable benefit.

2. Technical points: strengthen the early maturing cultivation management of lotus root, promote the expansion of lotus root, ensure the early yield and benefit, and carry out routine management of late rice.

3. Variety selection: select early and mid-maturing varieties, such as Elian No.1, Elian No.5 and Wuzhi No.2, etc.

4. reasonable close planting, the conventional seed consumption is about 450 kg per mu.

5. Rational fertilization: apply sufficient base fertilizer and early topdressing fertilizer, apply 100kg ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg phosphate fertilizer and 15kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu, and apply as much organic fertilizer as possible, and begin to apply 15kg urea per mu when standing leaves appear. Because the bottom fertilizer of lotus root field is relatively sufficient, late rice can apply little or no base fertilizer.

6. Economic benefit: the lotus root was dug in the middle of July, the yield per mu was 900kg, the price was 2.6yuan / kg, and the output value was 2340 yuan. The yield of late rice per mu is 450 kg, 1.6 yuan per kilogram, and the output value is 720 yuan. The total output value of the two seasons is 3060 yuan per mu, deducting the production cost, the annual profit is 2300 yuan. The average yield of one-season rice is 650kg / mu, 1.8yuan / kg, output value 1170 yuan and profit 800yuan. Compared with one-cropping middle rice, the efficiency of this model is 1500 yuan per mu.

Early lotus root-Artemisia annua model

1. Model advantage: replanting Artemisia annua after picking lotus root. The lotus root was cultivated in heat preservation facilities, planted in early March and dug in stages from early June to early July. Artemisia annua was planted in early August and harvested one after another from late October to April of the following year (winter covering and heat preservation), which is a new model popularized and applied in recent years.

2. Greenhouse construction: the shed adopts steel greenhouse, which is 6.0 meters wide, 2.5 meters high and 50 meters long. Bamboo bow is used in the middle shed, which is 3 to 3.5 meters wide, 1.5 to 1.7 meters high and 20 to 30 meters long. The shed is oriented from north to south, which is good for ventilation.

3. Planting of lotus root: early and middle ripening varieties Elian No. 1 and Elian No. 5 were selected. It was planted early at the right time and planted in early March, one month earlier than that in the open field. Increase planting density, seed consumption 450 kg per mu. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and early topdressing, apply 75 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, and topdressing 10 kg of urea when standing leaves appear. Timely mining and listing, usually divided into two mining stages.

4. Artemisia annua planting: in early July, after the lotus root harvest, drain the field water, dry the field for 20 days, and then plough, rake and prepare the soil, applying 3000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer per mu. Raise the perimeter groove and the box groove, the groove depth is 25 cm, the box width is 1.2 cm. Cuttings in early August, the cuttings are 8-10 cm long, with 2 full axillary buds that have not germinated. Immediately after cutting, pour water once and cover with sunshade net. Regular irrigation should be used to keep the border surface moist, furrow irrigation is appropriate, and topdressing should be combined with irrigation. Cover the film for heat preservation in late November, the temperature of the greenhouse should be 18: 20 ℃, and pay attention to the film ventilation and humidity reduction. You can harvest five crops a year until April of the following year.

5. Economic benefit: the first mining time of lotus root is in early June, the yield per mu is 450kg, 8.0kg / kg, and the output value is 3600 yuan. In the first ten days of the second mining, the yield per mu was 400kg, 3.0yuan / kg, and the output value was 1200 yuan. The total output value of lotus root per mu harvested twice is 4800 yuan. Five crops of Artemisia annua were harvested, with a yield of 3000kg per mu and an output value of 4100 yuan. The total output value of lotus root and Artemisia annua is 8900 yuan per mu, and the profit can be 6570 yuan after deducting the production cost. compared with "lotus root and late rice in greenhouse", the income of this model increases by 2900 yuan per mu. However, the model requires a certain amount of investment, more labor, but high efficiency, which can solve the contradiction of large population and little land.

Double stubble lotus root model

1. Model advantage: double-stubble lotus root is a new model of two kinds of lotus root in one year. The lotus root in the second season of this model has the characteristics of white and round lotus root, uniform lotus root node, crisp, sweet and refreshing, etc., so it is very popular in the market. If roadway excavation is adopted in the second season, some seedlings are left in the field, and field management is strengthened in time, lotus root can mature earlier in the following year to be picked and listed in mid-June, and higher price and benefit can be obtained.

2. Variety selection: the early maturing variety Elian No. 1 was selected, which was 15-20 days earlier than the mid-maturing variety Elian No. 5. In the first season, the lotus root was collected in the middle of June, the big lotus root was put on the market, and the small lotus root was left as the seedling of the second season and transplanted into the field in time. In the second season, there were 900seeds per mu and 1200 effective bud heads, and roadways were excavated from November to December. Strengthen the field management in time the next year, dig again in mid-June, and circulate year by year.

3. Water and fertilizer management: because the lotus root in the first season is the original seedling of autumn lotus root last year, the emergence speed is faster than that of transplanting. If the management of water and fertilizer is strengthened in time, lotus root can be expanded in late May. Before emergence, combined with ploughing and weeding, ammonium bicarbonate 100 kg, phosphate fertilizer 50 kg, potassium fertilizer 20 kg, boron fertilizer 2 kg, zinc fertilizer 1 kg, carbendazim 5 kg, urea 20 kg per mu. In the second season, lotus root should apply sufficient base fertilizer, 500 kg bio-organic fertilizer and 50 kg compound fertilizer per mu. When the first standing leaf appeared, 15 kg of urea was applied per mu.

4. Economic benefit: the yield of lotus root per mu is 750kg and the output value is 3000 yuan in the first season. In the second season, the yield of lotus root per mu was 450kg and the output value was 1800 yuan. The total output value of lotus root in the two seasons is 4800 yuan per mu, deducting the cost, the average profit per mu is 3700 yuan. This model has the advantages of low investment and high benefit.

Early lotus root-water chestnut model

1. The arrangement of stubble: the lotus root was planted in the first ten days of April and dug in the middle of July. We can refer to the "early lotus root-rice" model. Water chestnut seedlings were raised in early April, planted in mid-late July, and collected from December to March of the following year.

2. Water chestnut sprouting: Xiaogan water chestnut, Hangzhou fruit chestnut and other varieties can be selected. in the first ten days of April, the vegetable field before and after the house is selected to accelerate sprouting, with a total of 200,250 species of water chestnut corms (3.5kg and 3.5kg) per mu.

3. Water chestnut transplanting: when the water chestnut bud grows to about 6 cm, it is transferred to the transplanting field, the seedling field is opened by 1.5 meters, the clear water is released, and the seed chestnut with bud is planted at the density of 13 cm × 17 cm.

4. Water chestnut seedlings: in the middle and last ten days of May, the seedlings were pseudo-planted. 50 kg compound fertilizer per mu was applied to the seedling bed as base fertilizer. In shallow water management after planting, urea was applied twice, 10 kg / mu each time.

5. Field planting: transplanting in the middle and last ten days of July, combined with soil preparation before planting, applying 500 kg bio-organic fertilizer and 100 kg compound fertilizer per mu, 0.5 meters apart from planting holes, 1 meter between rows, and 3 seedlings per hole.

6. Water and fertilizer management: shallow water should be used in the early stage to promote growth, with a depth of 3 to 5 centimeters. After that, the water layer was gradually deepened to 5 cm to 10 cm, in order to control tillering and promote the expansion of water chestnut. Topdressing 3 times during the whole growing period, the first time 10 days after transplanting, applying 10 kg urea per mu. For the second time, 10 kg of urea was applied per mu 20 days after the first topdressing. Before heading for the third time, 15 kg compound fertilizer per mu was applied to promote the expansion of water chestnut.

7. Economic benefits: the yield of lotus root in the previous crop was 800kg per mu, the average price was 2.4yuan / kg, and the output value was 1920 yuan. The yield of water chestnut is 2300 kg per mu, the average price is 1.2yuan / kg, and the output value is 2760 yuan. The output value per mu in the two seasons is 4680 yuan, and the profit is 3700 yuan. This model is more cost-effective, but it requires more labor and more labor.

Loach model in lotus root field

1. Model advantage: raising Loach in lotus root field is a way of ecological culture. The ecological environment of lotus root field is very suitable for Loach to survive, and Loach drilling mud habitat is conducive to soil loosening and fertilizer decomposition, but also can prey on lotus root field pests.

2. Field facilities: a ring ditch is opened around the ridge, 1.5 meters wide and 0.5 meters deep, and the ridge is raised to 0.6 meters, and anti-escape facilities are set up at the drainage.

3. Field selection: it requires convenient drainage and irrigation, strong water retention, rich content of soil organic matter and deep mud layer. It is generally required that the mud layer is about 25 cm deep and the area is 334 mu, which is easy to manage.

4. Lotus root management: planted in the first ten days of April. The base fertilizer should be based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer. 1000 kg of bio-organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer were applied per mu as base fertilizer and 15 kg urea as topdressing. Topdressing was applied 10 days before Loach stocking.

5. Loach stocking: when the lotus root grows to 3 or 4 leaves, it can be stocked, usually in the middle of May. Keep the water layer 10cm to 15cm when stocking. About 5 centimeters of loach seedlings are put in every 100 square meters. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus feed mainly consists of wheat bran, bean dregs and earthworms and other mixed feed, feeding once a day, the feeding amount is 30.5% of the total body weight of Loach, and the feed type and quantity are adjusted at any time according to different temperatures.

6. Timely harvest: lotus root harvested from November to March of the following year. Misgurnus anguillicaudatus fishing can be postponed to March of the following year.

7. Economic benefit: the yield of lotus root per mu is 1500 kg, 1.2yuan / kg, and the output value is 1800 yuan. The yield of Loach per mu is 180kg, 26 yuan / kg, and the output value is 4680 yuan. The total output value of lotus root and Loach is 6480 yuan per mu, and the profit is 4100 yuan after deducting the cost.