Planting time of peanut

Peanut is a kind of nut rich in yield and widely eaten in our country. It is also called peanut, longevity fruit, mud bean, bean, etc. It is an annual herb of Roserales Leguminosae peanut. Its origin is mainly distributed in Brazil, China, Egypt and other places. It should be planted in sandy land area with warm climate and moderate rainfall. The growing season is longer. Let's take a look at the planting time of peanut together.

Peanut planting time

The suitable sowing time of spring and autumn double cropping peanut area in south China is February to middle March, the suitable sowing time of spring and summer peanut intercropping area in Yangtze River Basin is March to late April, and the suitable sowing time of large peanut area and peanut producing area in north China is mostly from late April to early May. Peanut sowing soil 10 cm deep soil temperature for 5 days stable at 15 degrees or more can be planted, remember that the temperature is lower than 11 degrees do not sow, to prevent the emergence of rotten dead seedlings phenomenon, even if peanuts can be unearthed, peanut seedlings are not healthy affect yield. Summer peanut planting area can choose interplanting, sowing ahead of time, improve yield.

Peanut seeding method

1, sowing method: peanut sowing method according to the cultivation method of open field sowing and film cover sowing, according to the operation method is divided into artificial seeding and mechanical sowing.

2, planting density: peanut planting density is determined by plant height, seed range and leaf area size, suitable planting density according to climate characteristics, soil fertility, selection of varieties and cultivation conditions.

3, sowing depth: general peanut sowing to 5 cm or so is appropriate, to master the "dry not deep, wet not shallow" and sticky soil to shallow, sandy land or sandy land to deep principles, open cultivation of the deepest can not exceed 7 cm, the shallowest can not be shallower than 3 cm.

4, suppression after sowing: suppression after sowing is a successful experience of peanut drought-resistant sowing to ensure that the whole seedling, suppression can not only reduce soil moisture evaporation, but also make the seed and soil close contact, promote the soil moisture rise, prevent the seed from falling dry, facilitate seed germination.

Peanut planting techniques

1. Leveling the land: Peanuts are cash crops that bloom on the ground and form fruit needles and then drill into the ground to bear fruit. Suitable for planting in loose sandy soil, oily sand. The plot for planting peanuts should be deeply ploughed, and 30~40 tons of high-quality farm manure should be applied per hectare in combination with ploughing. After ploughing, it should be suppressed 1~2 times. Conditional places can be irrigated first, and then fertilizer, fertilizer mixed into the furrow, ridge suppression, in preparation for timely sowing.

2. Cultivated varieties: Peanut should have high yield, and improved varieties are the foundation. Peanut varieties suitable for planting mainly include Fuhua series varieties and Jifu series varieties (commonly known as Sirihong). The growth period is about 110~120 days. The pods with large, full, neat shape and no broken pods are selected as seeds. 1 - 3 days drying before shelling, further seed selection after shelling, and selecting seeds with pure color and neat shape as seeds.

3, scientific fertilization: peanuts are relatively barren, fertilization should be based on base fertilizer, 30 tons of farm manure per hectare, fertilizer should be based on phosphorus fertilizer, 300~400 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare. Peanut planting in barren land, 200~300 jin urea per hectare.

4, seedling thinning: peanuts in late May to early June should be investigated as soon as possible, the obvious lack of seedlings of the field to be early seedling, seedling can be used to germinate sitting water seed method, and complete the work between, fixed seedlings.

5. Clearing seedlings: When peanuts are fully grown, dig a circle of soil around the seedlings 2 cm away with a small hand hoe, and then gently dig the two cotyledons out of the ground with your hand. Clearing seedlings is generally carried out three days after the first shovel.

6. Shovel in time: open the shovel after the peanut seedlings are unearthed, shovel for the first time three days after shoveling, shovel twice after 15~20 days, pay attention to cultivating the soil without pressing the seedlings, shovel for three times at the end of the flowering peak period, and seal the ridge at the square ridge, so as to benefit the fruit needles into the soil. At the same time, pay attention to pulling out the grass.

7, reasonable topdressing: peanuts in the pod full fruit period, according to the growth situation can be targeted to foliar spraying method topdressing potassium dihydrogen phosphate (suitable concentration of 0.3%) and other fertilizers and green wind 95 and other plant growth regulators, in order to promote the formation of seeds.

8, harvest at the right time: when the peanut leaves turn yellow, some stems and leaves dry, you can harvest, usually in mid-September. After harvest, it is necessary to dry precipitation to promote post-ripening and improve the maturity of seeds. Peanuts must be harvested and dried before frost.

Well, peanut planting time and planting technology Xiaobian for everyone introduced here, let's take a look at peanut pest control technology!

stalk rot

[Symptoms] Cotyledons in seedling stage are black-brown, dry and rotted, then extend to stem base along petiole into yellow-brown water-soaked spots, finally black-brown rot, later disease onset, water-soaked spots first at stem base or main lateral branches, yellow-brown, black-brown, wilting and dying of aboveground parts. Peanut stem rot occurs seriously, the incidence area is about 80%, the general incidence is 60~70%, the serious disease bacteria mass is as high as 80~90%, some seriously ill plants have died.

[Control] Before sowing, use 50% carbendazim WP to dress seeds (the dosage is 0.3~0.5% of the seed amount), or use 50% carbendazim WP 0.5 kg water 50~60 kg cold soaking seeds 100 kg, soaking seeds for 24 hours, the control effect is significant. At the early stage of disease, spray 50% carbendazim WP or 65% manineb WP 500~600 times and 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times at intervals of 7 days for 2~3 times.

root rot

The disease can occur throughout the entire growth period of peanuts. The infected plants were short, the leaves turned yellow from bottom to top, dried and dropped off, the main root skin turned black and rotted until the whole plant died. The disease is mainly transmitted by rain and field. The disease was easily caused by ponding in seedling stage, low ground temperature or too early or too deep sowing.

[Prevention and control] ① Soil preparation and improvement, application of decomposed organic fertilizer, flood prevention and drainage, and strengthening field management. (2) seed dressing with 50% carbendazim WP according to 0.3% of seed amount, spraying with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution in the whole field at the initial stage of disease.

leaf spot

[Symptoms] Brown spot is round, dark brown and large, with yellow halo on the outer edge of the spot, gray mold in the later stage, black spot is round, dark brown, no yellow halo around the spot, and the spot is smaller than brown spot.

[Control] At the early stage of disease, when the rate of diseased leaves in the field reaches 10~15%, the first spraying should be started. The pesticide can be selected from 50% carbendazim WP 1500 times, or 50% thiophane methyl WP 2000 times, or 80% mancozeb WP 400 times, or 80% mancozeb 400 times, 75% chlorothalonil WP 600~800 times, or Kangkuning 700 times. or 0.3~0.5 degree of stone sulfur mixture of Baume, etc., spraying once every 10~15 days, continuously spraying 2~3 times, spraying 50~75 kg of liquid medicine per mu each time.

peanut rust

[Symptoms] The bottom leaves begin to appear first. The leaves produce yellow blisters, small in shape, surrounded by narrow yellow halo. After the epidermis is cracked, rust powder is scattered. In severe cases, the leaves turn yellow and dry and fall off.

[Control] When the rate of diseased plants in the field reaches 10~20%, 50% colloidal sulfur 150 times solution, or dirust sodium 600~800 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution, or 1:2:200(copper sulfate: quicklime: water) bordeaux solution, or 25% triadimefon wettable powder 3000~5000 times, spray once every 10 days or so, continuously spray 3~4 times. Dirust sodium should not be used continuously, but should be used alternately with other agents, spraying 60~75 kg of liquid medicine per mu each time.

peanut net spot

[Symptoms] Natural disease in the field generally starts from the leaves at the bottom of the plant, and small brown spots the size of needles are produced on the front of the first right leaf, gradually turning into brown star-like spots, and then expanding into reticulate patterns with gray-green edges. With the gradual expansion of the disease spots, the final formation of round, oval or irregular brown to chestnut brown spots, green light brown at the edge of the disease spots, the boundary is not obvious, resulting in premature leaf shedding. The back of leaf is asymptomatic at the beginning, and presents light brown spots with unclear edges at the later stage.

[Control] In addition to the residual leaves of the diseased leaves of peanuts falling into the field, rotation and selection of disease-resistant varieties, when the rate of diseased plants in the field reaches more than 5%, 700 times solution of Kangkuning, 400 times solution of 80% chemical manganese zinc, 200 times solution of "agricultural resistance 120"(0.5 kg per mu) can be selected, and 75~100 kg of liquid medicine is used per mu for each generation. Spray once every 10~15 days and spray 2~4 times continuously.

peanut bacterial wilt

[Symptoms] Peanuts are generally most susceptible to this disease at the beginning of flowering. At the beginning of the diseased plant, the first and second leaves on the top of the main stem wilted first, delayed leaf opening in the morning, and early hinge in the afternoon. After 1~2 days, the whole plant or one side of the leaves of the diseased plant wilted rapidly from top to bottom, the color was dim and green, and the diseased leaves turned brown and scorched in the later stage. The diseased plant is easy to pull up, its taproot tip, fruit stalk, fruit pod is black brown wet rot shape, nodule dark green. The vascular bundle of diseased stem is dark brown in longitudinal section, and white mucus can be seen in transverse section under slight compression under moisture retention.

[Control] Soak seeds with 1000 times of 32% bacteriostatic solution for 8~12 hours before sowing for disinfection and sterilization. Spray 2500~3000 times of agricultural streptomycin or neophytin or 1500~2000 times of 32% bacteriostatic solution at the early stage of disease, spray once every 7~10 days, and spray 3~4 times continuously for control. In addition, biological foliar fertilizer can be sprayed at the early flowering stage to promote the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the roots and also play a certain role in inhibiting the development of pathogens.

black mold

[Symptoms] Black mold mainly occurs in the early stage of peanut growth. The pathogen first infects the cotyledons to make them black and rot, and then infects the rhizomes of seedlings. When wet, many molds cover the stem base, and the stems and leaves lose water and wilt and die.

[Prevention and control] Land preparation and soil improvement, increased application of decomposed organic fertilizer, flood prevention and drainage, and strengthened field management. Seed dressing with 50% carbendazim WP at 0.3% of seed weight.

Southern blight

[Symptoms] Peanut roots, pods and stem base infected, initially brown soft rot, white silky hyphae at the root of the ground (so called white silk disease), and rapeseed sclerotia, stem and leaf yellow, gradually dead, peanut pod rot. The pathogen began to germinate under high temperature and humidity conditions, infected peanut, sandy soil, continuous cropping, too high density without ventilation, rainy days occurred more heavily.

[Control] During peanut sowing period, apply 1 kg of quintozene to 20 kg of fine wet soil per mu, apply it to the sowing ditch to cover seeds, and pay attention to using Shennong Dan, mirex and other pesticides to prevent underground pests. Spray 20% triadimefon EC 1000 times or prohydantoin 1000 times at the initial stage of peanut pod formation. In addition, triadimefon, root profulin, thiophanate and other pesticides can be used to irrigate the roots during the disease onset period. The prevention effect is very obvious.

Peanut pest control

1, reasonable rotation: peanut good crop is corn, millet and other gramineous crops, avoid continuous cropping.

2. Deep turning in autumn: Deep turning in autumn can turn pests to the ground, so that they can be exposed to the sun and die or be pecked by birds, reducing the source of insects.

3, seed coating: seed coating before sowing, this method can also effectively prevent rat damage.

4. Soil treatment: When preparing the soil before sowing, evenly sprinkle 22.5~30 kg of 3% carbofuran granules or 22.5~30 kg of 3% phorate granules on the surface of the field per hectare, shallow ploughing into the soil, or sprinkle carbofuran and phorate granules into the sowing ditch after sowing, or mix pesticides into organic fertilizer as base fertilizer.

6. Larva control: In late June and late July, at the peak incubation period and juvenile period of chafers, 35~45 kg of phoxim granules and 250~300 kg of fine soil are scattered on the rhizosphere of peanuts, and shallow hoeing is carried out. 50% phoxim or 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution can also be used for root irrigation.