Cultivation Techniques of Pepper in Greenhouse

Pepper, also known as horned pepper, long pepper, vegetable pepper, etc., is a perennial or limited perennial herb of the genus Solanaceae, native to the tropical regions of Central Latin America, and is now widely cultivated in countries all over the world. It is an important vegetable and condiment. Seed oil is edible, fruit also has the effect of deworming and sweating, and has high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of pepper in greenhouse.

Temperature condition

The requirement of suitable temperature for growth and development of hot pepper varies with different growth stages. The suitable temperature for germination stage is 25: 30 ℃, seedling stage is 25: 30 ℃ during daytime and 20: 25 ℃ at night, fruiting stage is 25: 30 ℃ during daytime and 16: 20 ℃ at night, and flowers are easy to fall below 15 ℃ or higher than 35 ℃. During the growing period, the suitable ground temperature is 17: 22 ℃, and the high temperature above 35 ℃ plus humidity will cause the plant stem and leaf to grow, fruit development and color conversion period. The temperature is required to be 25: 30 ℃ in daytime and 18: 20 ℃ at night.

Light condition

Pepper is a kind of vegetable which is tolerant to weak light and requires low light intensity. However, under the condition of lack of light intensity for a long time, the leaf color of the plant became lighter, the internodes elongated and the yield decreased. Excessive light is also disadvantageous to the growth and development, such as the leaves are not luxuriant, the fruits are exposed outside the leaves, and sunburn disease is easy to occur. The hot pepper cultivated in greenhouse has shading effect in plastic greenhouse, which is the reason why it is easier to get high yield in greenhouse cultivation than in land cultivation.

Water condition

Chili peppers have strict requirements for moisture and are neither resistant to drought nor waterlogging. The water requirement of the plant itself is not large, but because the root system is underdeveloped and the ability to absorb soil water is weak, so the drought tolerance is poor. Too much or too little air humidity has a great impact on seedling growth, flowering and fruit setting, and the general air relative humidity should be 60-80%. The air humidity in the seedling stage is high, which is easy to cause the disease epidemic. Getting wet at the early flowering stage results in falling flowers. When the air is too dry in full bloom, it will also cause falling flowers and fruits.

Soil condition

Pepper is not strict on soil, and can be planted on both neutral and slightly acidic soils with a pH of 6.2 to 8.5. However, because the root system of pepper is weak, the soil is shallow, the growth period is long, and there are many results, it is best to choose loam or sandy loam with high dry terrain, deep soil layer, good drainage and medium fertility.

Nutritional condition

Pepper has higher requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is needed in the seedling stage, and the flower bud differentiation stage is significantly affected by the level of fertilization. Proper use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can promote flowering, not partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Especially in the early flowering stage, if too much nitrogen fertilizer will cause serious flower and fruit drop.

The growth environmental conditions needed for the cultivation of pepper in greenhouse are introduced here. Let's take a look at the seedling technology of pepper in greenhouse.

Seedling raising time

Pepper cultivated in greenhouse is generally sown in mid-October, fixed from January to mid-February the following year, and harvested in early April. Early cultivation in spring can choose Sujiao 5, Sujiao 11, Luojiao 98A, Hong Yingda, Holy Ark and so on. Generally, the yield per mu is about 4000 kg, which has high economic benefit.

Seed treatment

Soak the pepper seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 30 minutes before sowing. In order to prevent anthracnose and bacterial spot disease, it can be pre-soaked in clean water for 5-6 hours, then soaked in copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, and then washed with clean water before budding. During budding, the treated seeds were wrapped in a wet cloth and placed in an environment of 20: 23 ℃. After 24 hours, the temperature was raised to 25: 34 ℃. After whitening, the temperature dropped to 20: 25 ℃ squatting teeth, 50% of the seeds were exposed and sown.

Sowing and raising seedlings

Due to the high emergence rate and fast growth of seedlings raised by heating, the amount of sowing should be less than that of cold beds, covering about 0.5cm of nutritive soil after sowing, then covering a layer of straw on the soil, then covering a layer of film, and finally covered with a small arch shed for sealing and heat preservation, heating day and night after sowing, the temperature is kept at 22 ℃, 40% of the seeds can be removed from the covered straw and the film on the straw when the seeds emerge, so as to prevent the seedlings from growing, and pay attention to ventilation and cooling after finishing the seedlings.

Rational watering

Hot pepper hotbed cultivated in greenhouse is easy to dry, so we should often replenish water, less water can not meet the needs of seedling growth, large amount of water will lead to high humidity, easy to cause pepper seedling growth, quenching disease and other diseases. The humidity of the seedbed soil should keep the topsoil white and the subsoil moist.

Control overgrowth

If the bed temperature is too high and the seedlings grow too much, the most effective measure is to check the bed temperature frequently and control the temperature. Nursery bed seedling time is short, nutritious soil should apply sufficient base fertilizer, generally do not need topdressing. If the seedlings are small, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed 2 or 3 times for extra-root topdressing. If the nutrient soil is too dry, it can be watered at noon on a sunny day, and the amount of water should not be too large.

Timely seedling division

When the seedlings grow 2 true leaves, divide the seedlings once, transplant the seedlings in a nutrition bowl, 1 plant in each bowl, refine the seedlings at low temperature for 2-3 days before splitting, and water the seedlings 1-2 days before splitting. The seedlings should be shallow, the cotyledons should be exposed to the surface, and the cotyledons should be watered in a closed greenhouse after planting. The daily temperature should be 25: 30 ℃ and the night temperature should be 16: 18 ℃. After slowing down the seedlings, the daily temperature was 20: 25 ℃ and the night temperature was 14: 16 ℃. Don't sweat, don't water, water a little during drought. Watering once a week before planting, and squatting seedlings 2 days later to facilitate rooting and slow seedling growth.

Greenhouse pepper seedling technology Xiaobian for you to introduce here, let's take a look at the greenhouse pepper cultivation and management technology!

Soil preparation and fertilization

Hot pepper can be planted in flat border or ridge, which is convenient for plastic film mulching and watering, and is beneficial to improve soil temperature. It is recommended to use north-south ridge planting. When the ridge spacing is determined by ridge planting, the row-plant spacing must be determined according to the plant opening angle of the variety used. In winter and spring, it is suitable to adopt the method of close planting of two plants in one hole of large and small rows. Large line spacing of 55 cm and 60 cm, small line spacing of 40 cm and 50 cm. When fertilizing, first spread the organic fertilizer on the ground, turn it deep twice, so that the fertilizer and soil are fully mixed, and then trench according to the row spacing, apply cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in the ditch, after fully mixing with the soil, ridge on the ditch with a height of 15 cm to 20 cm.

Scientific planting

The planting time of hot pepper in greenhouse is late January, and sunny days must be selected for planting, and it is expected that there will be several consecutive sunny days after planting. In this way, we should listen more and watch the weather forecast more. Planting should be carried out in the morning. When planting, the acupoints were opened according to the distance between the acupoints about 33 cm. Planting about 4000 holes per mu, 2 plants per hole, or 8000 plants per mu, to strive for early yield by close planting. The two plants in the same hole should be of the same size. When planting seedlings, warm water (30-40 ℃) was poured into the hole to release the seedlings, and the hole was sealed after the water seeped down.

Temperature management

In order to promote seedling retardation after planting in greenhouse, early cultivation in spring should keep warm, keep unventilated for 5-6 days, maintain high temperature and humidity environment, keep no air during the day and cover grass properly early to keep high temperature at night. After slow seedling, the daytime temperature should be kept at 26: 28 ℃, and when it exceeded 30 ℃, the temperature should be kept cool.

Humidity management

The suitable air relative humidity for pepper growth is 60%, and the soil relative humidity is about 80%. Plants with too high humidity are easy to grow, affecting the dispersion of pollen grains, thus affecting pollination and fertilization. Under the condition of ensuring a certain temperature, it is necessary to boldly release the air and reduce the humidity in the shed.

Ventilation management

The suitable temperature for flowering and sitting expiration of pepper is 20: 25 ℃. At this time, ventilation should be increased. Ventilation can reduce humidity, increase light, promote plant growth short and sturdy, short and more internodes, and is beneficial to flowering and pollination, multi-fruiting and ensuring early maturity and high yield. Generally, during the flowering and fruiting period, the night temperature of pepper is not less than 15 ℃, which can be released day and night without affecting flowering and fertilization.

Light management

The light intensity in winter is low, so under the condition of ensuring the temperature of the greenhouse, we should extend the light time as far as possible, uncover the grass early and late, so that the plant can see more light, at the same time, keep the surface of the film clean, improve the light transmittance, and hang a reflective screen on the north side of the greenhouse to increase the light intensity. In cloudy or snowy days, the light intensity is low and the respiratory consumption of the plant is high, so it can be fertilized outside the root and sprayed with 1% sugar water.

Water and fertilizer management

In the case of planting and watering enough, it is generally not watered before the first fruit is seated, and in the squatting seedling stage after the slow seedling, it is mainly mid-tillage, and the soil under plastic film can maintain moist and good ventilation. Squatting seedlings at the end of a water, when the door pepper has grown to about 3 cm in diameter, per mu with the application of 20 kg of ammonium sulfate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate. After that, each water or two water can be fertilized once with the water, and 10 kg of urea or 10 kg of ammonium sulfate can be applied per mu.

Plant adjustment

Pruning should be carried out when pepper is cultivated in greenhouse in order to promote fruit. the method is that when the young fruit on the secondary lateral branch of the main lateral branch grows to 1 cm in diameter, 5 leaves are left in the upper part of the pepper, so that the nutrition is concentrated to supply the fruit growth. the overgrown branches that appear in the middle and later stages should be removed in time.

Greenhouse pepper cultivation and management technology Xiaobian for you to introduce here, let's go on to understand the greenhouse pepper pest control technology!

Grey mold disease

The humidity in the shed can be controlled with 65% metalaxyl wettable powder 600 times or 505 Nongliling 800 times. Spray once every 7 to 10 days and control for 2 times in a row.

White silk disease

At the initial stage of the disease, 1000 times of the wettable powder can be selected to irrigate the base of the stem to prevent and cure.

Powdery mildew

It can be sprayed with 2000 times triadimefon EC.

Viral disease

Spray control with 500 times of 20% virus A wettable powder in the seedling stage.

Soft rot

Spraying immediately before and after rain, 72% of agricultural streptomycin wettable powder 4000 times or 77% can be sprayed to prevent and control.

Aphids

10% imidacloprid wettable powder 600 times liquid spray control.

Red spider

You can choose 1.8% Nongke mite EC 2000 times or 70% propargite EC 2000 times to spray once every 7 to 10 days.

Bemisia Tabaci

2.5% deltamethrin EC 2500 times or 10% buprofezin EC 1000 times spray control.