Planting technique of spinach in greenhouse

Spinach is one of the most common vegetables, also known as Persian vegetables, spinach, spinach, parrot, red root vegetables, dragon vegetables and so on. Spinach is an annual herb of Chenopodiaceae. It is native to Iran and is now widely cultivated in all corners of the world. It has high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the greenhouse spinach planting technology.

Cultivation environment

Spinach is a cold-tolerant vegetable, the seeds can germinate at 4 ℃, the optimum temperature for vegetative growth is 15-20 ℃, the suitable temperature for vegetative growth is 15-20 ℃, and the growth is poor above 25 ℃. The aboveground parts can withstand the low temperature of minus 6-8 ℃, and the requirement of sunshine intensity is lax, the moisture requirement is high, the moisture is sufficient, the meat is thick when the growth is exuberant, the yield is high and the quality is good. The soil with strong adaptability to soil, but still with strong water and fertility conservation and fertile soil, is not acid-resistant. The suitable pH is 7.3-8.2, which requires more nitrogen fertilizer and proper phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Select variety

According to the seed morphology, spinach can be divided into two varieties: spiny and non-prickly, thorn-shaped and diamond-shaped fruit, small and thin leaves, hastate or arrow-shaped, soft texture, less astringent taste, suitable for edible (sharp leaf type), strong cold resistance and heat resistance. early maturing, early bolting. The fruit of thornless species is irregular round, thornless, leaf hypertrophy, wrinkled, oval, oval or irregular, short petiole, weak heat tolerance, late bolting, suitable for overwintering cultivation. In the process of cultivation, varieties such as spinach hybrid 58, spinach hybrid 18, omnipotence and spinach hybrid crown energy can be selected, which are suitable for planting in greenhouse in early spring.

Soil preparation and fertilization

After the harvest of autumn vegetables, do not remove the greenhouse film, directly fertilize, prepare the soil, and make beds. Generally, each mu of high-quality and fully mature farm manure is 33.5 tons, diammonium phosphate is 20,25kg, potassium sulfate lO~15 kg or 45% ternary compound fertilizer 40,50kg, to make a flat bed with a width of 1mm and 1.5m.

Promote budding and sowing

The day before spinach seeds are sown, soak spinach seeds in cold water for about 12 hours. Rub to remove mucus, remove and drain, then sow or germinate under the condition of 15: 20 ℃. After 3-4 days, most of the seeds can be sown. Generally sow in early December, sow seeds evenly on the flat border surface, sow at a depth of 1-1.5 cm, and then step on it again and pour water after stepping on it. It is best to use video broadcasting. The line spacing is 8cm to 10cm. Generally sowing pure seeds per mu is about 4 kg.

Scientific topdressing

Before overwintering, the height of spinach seedlings is about 10 cm. According to the growth situation, overwintering fertilizer should be applied once, 10-15 kg of urea and 10-15 kg of superphosphate per mu. After the Spring Festival, the seedlings began to grow, applying urea 20 to 25 kg per mu, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 15 to 20 kg, and topdressing for the third time every 10 to 15 days. Spinach topdressing is taken to spread fertilizer, do not sprinkle chemical fertilizer in the heart leaves, so as not to cause burning seedlings, each topdressing should be combined with watering.

Field management and protection

The main purpose of spinach is to protect seedlings from sowing to the middle of February of the following year. Water should be watered once before the light snow festival to preserve soil moisture and seedlings. In mid-February of the following year, with the continuous rise of external temperature, spinach began to turn green and grow, watering once, and applying fertilizer once with water in the first ten days of March, 15 kg of ammonium sulfate or urea per coal until harvest.

Pest control

The common diseases and pests in spinach are aphids, leafminers, downy mildew, anthracnose and so on. Aphids are sprayed with 1000 times of dimethoate or 2000 times of aldicarb, 1000 times of phoxim EC or 1000 times of 80% trichlorfon powder. Downy mildew is sprayed with 58% Redomir 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times, anthracnose is sprayed with 50% methyl thiophanate or 50% carbendazim. Stop spraying 10-15 days before spinach harvest.

Timely harvest

The spinach in the greenhouse should be harvested in time in the middle and late March, otherwise it will affect the production of the next crop. Watering 1-2 days before harvest, harvest when the leaves are dewy in the morning, stick to the border with leek sickle, leave 1-2 cm main root to cut off, remove the old leaves and yellow leaves, tie them into small handfuls of about 500 grams of Iris, lined with thin film around the basket, and wrap it tightly in the basket.