Planting techniques of cucumber in greenhouse

Cucumber, also known as cucumber, thorn melon, king melon, cucumber, etc., is an annual vine or climbing herb belonging to Cucurbitaceae melon. It was first brought back to the Central Plains by Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty. Now it is widely planted in temperate and tropical areas. It is widely cultivated all over China, and many areas have greenhouse or plastic greenhouse cultivation. Let's take a look at the greenhouse cucumber planting technology together!

Cucumber growth habits

1, temperature: cucumber likes warm, not cold. The optimum temperature for growth was 10~32℃. Generally, 25~32℃ during the day and 15~18℃ at night grow best, the most suitable ground temperature is 20~25℃, and the lowest is about 15℃. The optimum temperature difference between day and night is 10~15℃. Cucumber photosynthesis is poor at 35℃, high temperature obstacles appear at 45℃, and low temperature-2 ~ 0 ℃ freezes to death. If low temperature is used, seedlings can withstand 3℃.

2, light: South China type varieties are more sensitive to short days, while North China type varieties are not strict with the length of sunshine, has become a sunshine neutral plant, its light saturation point is 55,000 lux, light compensation point is 1500 lux, most varieties grow well under 8~11 hours of short days.

3, water: cucumber yield is high, water demand is large. The suitable soil moisture is 60~90%, the seedling stage moisture should not be too much, the soil moisture is 60~70%, the fruit stage must supply sufficient moisture, the soil moisture is 80~90%. Cucumber suitable air relative humidity is 60~90%, air relative humidity is too large is easy to disease, resulting in yield reduction.

4. Soil: Cucumber likes wet but not waterlogging, likes fertilizer but not fertilizer, and should choose fertile soil rich in organic matter. Generally prefer soil pH between 5.5 and 7.2, but pH 6.5 is best.

Cucumber planting method

1. Variety selection: cucumber cultivation should select excellent varieties with early low temperature resistance, late high temperature resistance and strong disease resistance, such as Jinyou 10, Bo Nai 3, etc.

2. Seed treatment: sun-seeding cucumber 1~3 days before sowing. After sun-seeding, blanch the seeds with warm water at 55℃ for 10~15 minutes, and constantly stir until the water temperature drops to 30~35℃. Wash the seeds repeatedly, wash the mucus with clean water, soak for 3~4 hours, wrap the soaked seeds with clean wet cloth, put them under the condition of 28~32℃ for germination for 1~2 days, and sow when the seeds are 70%"white".

3. Soil preparation: The nutrient soil of cucumber shall be mixed with garden soil or field soil that has not been planted with melon vegetables in recent 3~5 years, and high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer shall account for 30%. Soil and organic fertilizer shall be mixed and sieved evenly. adding 100 grams of carbendazim into the screened nutrient soil according to 1 cubic meter of soil and uniformly mixing to prepare the medicine soil.

4. Timely sowing: The sowing period of cucumber is mid-January or late January. It can be raised in heated greenhouse or energy-saving solar greenhouse. The nutrient bowl with diameter of 10 cm and height of 10 cm is filled with 8 cm of nutrient soil. After water penetration, one germinated seed is sown in each nutrient bowl, covered with 1 cm thick medicinal soil and covered with plastic film to protect soil moisture.

Seedling Management of Cucumber

1. Ground cover: cucumber is sealed with plastic film for 2/3 days after sowing, and when 2/3 of the seed cotyledons are unearthed, the ground cover is removed in time. Seedling watering as little as possible to prevent high temperature, high humidity appear high foot seedlings, timely remove grass cover to increase light.

2, temperature management: general daytime temperature should be controlled at 25~30℃, should not be too high, night temperature must be controlled at 15℃ below, preferably 12~13℃, 7~10 days before planting, seedling training, greenhouse grass cover early and late cover, reduce watering, increase ventilation and time, maintain 20~25℃ during the day, maintain 8~10℃ at night, and need 1~2 short time 5℃ exercise.

3, seedling standard: seedling age 35 days or so, plant height 15~20 cm, 3 leaves 1 heart, cotyledons intact, internodes short and thick, leaves thick green, roots developed, healthy without disease.

Cultivation Techniques of Cucumber

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: Fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and the fertilization method should be based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. According to the nutritional characteristics of vegetable growth and development, fertilizer requirements, soil nutrient content and target yield, the expert fertilization system should be used to determine the amount of fertilizer applied to vegetables and balance fertilization to ensure nutrient balance in the soil. The vegetable fields with medium fertility level generally apply 5000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 75 kg of calcium superphosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. After the base fertilizer is applied, the ground is deeply ploughed for 30~40 cm, the soil and fertilizer are evenly mixed and raked, the border is made according to the width of 1.2 meters, and two high ridges of 10~15 cm are formed in the border, and the ridge spacing is 50 cm.

2, four film coverage: early spring greenhouse with "four film coverage", that is, a layer of greenhouse film, two layers of canopy film and seedlings on a layer of small arch film, 20 days before planting buckle greenhouse film, in order to improve the ground temperature, in the greenhouse 10 cm ground temperature for 3 consecutive days stable through 12℃ can be planted. 5~7 days before planting, hang two layers of canopy, with an interval of 20~30 cm. It is best to choose polyethylene drip-free film with a thickness of 0.012 mm.

3, timely planting: 1 day before planting in the seedbed spray a fungicide, you can choose 50% carbendazim 500 times solution, or 77% can kill 700 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution. Planting should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day. Ridge ditch watering, water infiltration to half the ditch water, according to the plant spacing of about 32 cm seedlings, water infiltration after soil sealing ditch, this method is called "water stable seedlings", planting about 3500 plants per mu, planting in the ridge buckle small arch shed.

Field Management of Cucumber

1, temperature management: just after planting, the ground temperature is low, need to immediately close the shed, even if the short-term temperature exceeds 35℃ also do not let the wind, in order to improve the ground temperature as soon as possible to promote slow seedlings. During the period of slow seedling, there is no excessive temperature and no need to let out the wind. The small arch shed is opened in time in the morning to raise the soil temperature as soon as possible. After the seedling is slowed down, the air should be released in due time according to the weather conditions, and the time of 21~28℃ should be ensured for more than 8 hours, and the minimum temperature at night should be maintained at about 12℃. As the outside temperature rises, gradually increase the tuyere. When the outside temperature is stable above 12℃, it can be ventilated day and night. The greenhouse temperature is 25~30℃ in the morning and 20~25℃ in the afternoon.

2. Intertillage and loosening: After cucumber seedlings are slowly planted, 3~4 times of intertillage and loosening shall be carried out, from near to far, from shallow to deep, combined with intertillage to cultivate ridges for melon seedlings, and finally form small high ridge cultivation.

3, reasonable watering: cucumber planting after watering a slow seedling water, after not dry water. When the cucumber grows to 12 leaves, about 60% of the seedlings grow about 12 cm of small melon, watering the second water, after entering the fruiting period, the water demand increases, and the watering interval should be adjusted according to factors such as growth and weather. The cucumber grows at an interval of 7~10 days, at an interval of 5~7 days, at an interval of 3~5 days, and at an interval of 3~5 days. It is better to water in the morning on a sunny day in the early stage.

4. Timely topdressing: After cucumber enters the fruiting period, topdressing is carried out in combination with watering. Generally, water is separated from fertilizer. 3 kg urea, 5 kg potassium sulfate or 10 kg high nitrogen and potassium fertilizer are applied per mu each time.

5, humidity control: greenhouse cucumber relative humidity should be controlled below 85%, try to make the leaves do not dew, no dripping, it is best to use long-lived drip fog reduction greenhouse film. After watering in the morning on a sunny day, close the shed first to raise the temperature to 33℃, and then slowly open the tuyere to let out air and exhaust moisture. When the temperature drops to 25℃, close the tuyere for 2~3 times a day for 2 ~3 consecutive days to reduce the air humidity in the shed.

6. Plant adjustment: When the plant grows to 7~8 leaves, the plant height is about 25 cm, remove the small arch shed, start hanging ropes, remove the side vines below the first melon as soon as possible, and leave 2 leaves in front of the melon. When the main vine grows to 25 leaves, pick the heart, promote the growth of melon, root melon should be picked in time to avoid falling seedlings.

7, remove the arch shed: small arch shed is generally removed 15 to 20 days after planting, when the lifting rope begins. As the outside temperature rises, the canopy is gradually removed to increase the transmittance. Generally, the lower canopy is removed in the middle of March, and the second canopy is removed at the end of March and early April.

cucumber pest control

1. Downy mildew

[Symptoms] Downy mildew is a fungal disease, and its incidence site is in the middle and upper leaves of cucumber. The following points should be mastered during field observation. At about 8:00 a.m. every day, see whether there are water-soaked, polygonal spots on the back of leaves and whether there is gray mold layer on the spots. If these three points are met, it can be diagnosed as downy mildew.

[Chemical control] Anke, Pulike, Mike, Cymoxanil Manganese Zinc, Yikuaijing, Jinlei Domier and Amisida can be selected. In addition, in the control of downy mildew, attention should be paid to the simultaneous occurrence of bacterial angular spot disease, which can be added to the control of downy mildew.

2. Grey mold

[Symptoms] It can harm melons, leaves and stems. Harmful melon strip infects the flower that falls first more, make flower rot, grow light gray brown mould layer after, infect to young melon further again, be harmed small melon quickly soft, atrophied rot, its are close grow gray white mould layer. The leaf disease is mostly round, nearly round to irregular disease spots, 20~50 mm in diameter, obvious edge of disease spots, light reddish-brown surface, a small number of gray mold. The stem is damaged and causes local rot. In severe cases, the stem is broken and the whole plant dies.

[Chemical control] 10% Sukeling smoke agent or 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent can be selected at the initial stage of disease in the protected area, 250 grams per mu each time, fumigation for 3~4 hours. Also available 50% iprohydantoin wettable powder 1500 times solution, or 2.5% Silex wettable powder 600 times solution, or 50% Rimekang 500 times solution, or 25% Arcida suspension 1500 times solution. Every 6-7 days once, continuous control 3 - 4 times, the drug should be sprayed on flowers and young melons. At the beginning of flowering period, 50% proclamine WP or 25% Silex WP with the dosage of 0.1% can be added to dip or spray flowers.

3. Powdery mildew

[Symptoms] Small round white powdery mildew spots grow on the front or back of the lower leaves, gradually expand, thick and dense, and soon form a piece. In the late stage of the disease, the whole leaves were covered with white powder, then turned gray, and finally the leaves were brown and dry. Stems and petioles also produce similar disease spots to leaves, dense white mold spots. In autumn, sometimes in the disease class produces yellow brown small spots, after turning black. The disease leaves are full of powdery mildew, and the lower epidermis of the mildew layer remains green at the initial stage of the disease, which is easy to distinguish from other leaf diseases.

[Control method] Powdery mildew is particularly sensitive to "sulfur". Before planting, fumigate with 1.8 kg of sulfur powder per mu plus sawdust or other combustion improvers, close fumigation for one day and night, kill powdery mildew, fumigate once every 3 days, and then sow or plant. During the cucumber growth period, sulfur powder can be reduced by half, the time can be reduced to one night, and the fumigation time is 5~7 days, the effect is good. When the central disease occurs in the field, spraying should be carried out in time. 20% triadimefon WP 1000 times solution or 75% Dakening WP 500~600 times solution, or 10% Shigao 2500 times solution, or 2% plus rice 400 times solution, etc. can be used every 5~7 days, and pesticides should be used alternately. When spraying, do not neglect to spray on the ground.

4. Virus disease

Cucumber virus disease mainly affects leaves and melons. It can occur in seedling stage and adult plant stage. Young seedling disease cotyledons turn yellow withered, young leaves dark green and light green alternate with mosaic. The diseased plant is short, the internode is short and thick, the leaves are obviously wrinkled and thickened, the new leaves are yellow and green, the diseased leaves are reversed when the disease is serious, and the old leaves at the lower part of the diseased plant gradually turn yellow. Melon strip disease after stopping growth, the surface was dark green alternating spots. When serious melon surface roughness or deformity, disease heavy plants, internodes shortened, clustered leaflets, no fruit melon, resulting in atrophy and death.

[Control method] When seedling raising, use sunshade net to cool down and shade, and keep away from diseased crops. After transplanting, spray and irrigate roots with 1000 times solution of "Tianda 2116"+1000 times solution of Tianda Yufeng immediately to promote seedlings and prevent diseases. At the beginning of the disease, 20% virus 500 times solution or 20% virus A500 solution can be sprayed once every 7 days.

5, bacterial angular spot disease

[Symptoms] A round or oval water-soaked spot appears on the cotyledons of seedlings, slightly depressed, and then browned and withered. At the mature stage, the leaves have water-soaked spots the size of needles. The spots are polygonal and yellow-brown. When the humidity is high, the spots on the back of the leaves produce milky white mucus, which forms a layer of white film or white powder after drying. The spots are brittle and easy to perforate at the later stage. Stems, petioles and young melon spots water-soaked, nearly round to oval, then light gray, often dehiscent spots, wet melon on the disease part of the pus overflow, spots to the inside of the melon, along the vascular pulp color, has been extended to the seeds, causing seed bacteria. Disease melon late rot, smell, young melon often rot after being killed, early fall.

[Control method] At the beginning of the disease, spray 5000 times solution of neophytin, or 500 times solution of 30% copper succinate (DT sterilization) wettable powder, or 400 times solution of 77% killing wettable powder, or 600-800 times solution of 47% Garinone wettable powder. The above agents can be used alternately. Spray once every 7~10 days for 3~4 consecutive times. Excessive use of copper preparations is easy to cause phytotoxicity, generally no more than 3 times. Spray carefully on the front and back of leaves to improve control.

6. Root knot nematode

[Symptoms] Root knot nematodes mainly damage roots. After the root is damaged, the development is poor, the lateral roots are many, and spherical or conical nodules of different sizes are formed at the root end, sometimes strung, initially white, soft, and then brown to dark brown, and the surface is sometimes cracked. The damaged plants are poorly developed on the ground, yellow leaves, wilting and dying in the early days, which are easily mistaken for wilt plants.

[Control method] Before planting, 80kg lime nitrogen shall be applied in combination with deep ploughing, soil shall be disinfected with 1.8% insecticide mixed with 6 liters of water per square meter, or 4~ 6kg Miler 3% granules shall be used per mu, and 50kg dry fine soil shall be mixed and applied. During the growing period, the roots were irrigated with 1.8% chlorfenapyr EC 1000~1500 times solution for 1~2 times, with an interval of 10~15 days. After harvest, the diseased plants should be removed thoroughly in the field, and concentrated burning or deep burial can be used for composting. In addition, two tons of biogas residue per mu could effectively control root knot nematode. It is better to plant a crop of rice after vegetable harvest in places where conditions permit.

7. Whitefly

[Symptoms] Whiteflies eat a variety of foods and can harm a variety of vegetables. The main damage is caused by nymph, which concentrates on the back of cucumber leaves to absorb juice, causing leaves to fade, turn yellow, wilt, and serious plant death. When it is damaged, it secretes dense dew, pollutes leaves, causes mold infection, affects photosynthesis of plants, and seriously affects yield and quality.

Try to avoid mixed cultivation, especially cucumber, tomato and kidney bean. It is also an effective method to adjust crop rotation, that is, arrange celery, sweet pepper and other vegetables with light whitefly damage in the first crop, and then plant cucumber and tomato in the next crop. The aged nymph is mostly distributed in the lower leaves, and the old leaves are removed and burned. Yellow board in greenhouse can effectively control whitefly. 1% deltamethrin or 2.5% fenvalerate was atomized into droplets by knapsack type smoke generator, and the effect of killing adults was very good when suspended in air. 25% buprofezin wettable powder or 2.5% deltamethrin or 20% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed once every 6~7 days for 3 consecutive times. Smoke can also be fumigated for 2 to 3 consecutive times.