Planting technology of virgin fruit

Virgin fruit, also known as small tomato, is an annual herb of the tomato family of Solanaceae. when the plant is tallest, it can grow up to 2 meters. It can be cultivated all the year round in China, and the north grows only one season a year, and the climate in South China is suitable for growth. We can eat pure flavor open field cultivation of virgin fruit from July and August to February of the following year. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of virgin fruit.

Growth habits of virgin fruit

The suitable temperature for the growth and development of virgin fruit is 23: 28 ℃, the night temperature is 15: 18 ℃, the average temperature is 18-21 ℃, the daily maximum temperature is 20-24 ℃, and the average sunshine is 5 hours a day. The requirement for soil moisture is 60-80%, and it is suitable for slightly acidic soil with deep, loose and fertile soil with a PH of 6-6. 5. The amount of fertilizer required is relatively large, and adequate nutrition should be ensured in each period, but there are certain differences in the demand for fertilizer in each growth period, with emphasis on nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, potash fertilizer in the later stage, and phosphate fertilizer throughout the growth period. however, the demand for potash fertilizer should be guaranteed throughout the growth period.

Sowing and raising seedlings of virgin fruit

1. Nursery bed preparation: the nursery bed of virgin fruit should be sheltered from the wind and sunny, with good drainage. The field needs a nursery bed of 60.7 square meters per mu, and a transplanting seedbed of 35,40 square meters. The subsoil of the seedbed is 1500 kg of rotten human feces per mu, and its upper layer is 8 cm thick. Nutritive soil is half of fully mature organic fertilizer and half of fertile soil that has not been planted eggplant crops. Mix evenly and apply 5 kg calcium superphosphate 7 days before sowing. Spray carbendazim to disinfect the soil and pile it up.

2. Sowing time: Virgin fruit has strong adaptability. Through different sowing dates and different facilities, it can achieve four seasons production and annual supply. Usually spring sowing from April to June or autumn sowing from August to September in the north, spring sowing from February to June or autumn sowing from August to October in the south, and field planting from August to February of the following year.

3. Accelerating germination and sowing: the virgin fruit is soaked with 20 grams per mu, soaked in 1000 times potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes, rinsed with clean water and soaked in warm water for 6 hours, washed the seeds, dried, moisturized with wet gauze, germinated at about 25 ℃, and sowed after whitening. Due to the high price of seeds, in order to ensure a high rate of adult plants, seeds are required to be seeded and covered with nutritious soil of 0.5 cm. Keep a high temperature before emergence, and ventilation should be paid attention to in order to prevent overgrowth after emergence.

4. Post-sowing management: during the two-leaf and one-heart period of seedlings, strong and disease-free seedlings were selected and pseudo-planting with fertilizer, medicine and soil was carried out in the sunny evening, and the pseudo-planting bed was in the same seedling bed, and the roots were watered after pseudo-planting. At the same time, ammonium copper complex or Luheng No. 2 can be used to control stunting disease and early blight, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and used continuously for 3 times.

Planting management of virgin fruit

1. Rational fertilization: the root system of virgin fruit is developed, the growth is exuberant, and the fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, combined with compound fertilizer, 2500 kg of manure per mu, or 2000 kg of human and animal manure or 100kg of vegetable cake, 30kg of compound fertilizer and 50kg of calcium superphosphate are used as base fertilizer, and the growth is adjusted by water management. when harvesting the fruit before harvest, each harvest of 2 to 3 canopy fruit, according to the growth strength, topdressing liquid fertilizer for 2 times. However, an appropriate amount of potash fertilizer should be applied.

2. Reasonable irrigation: the virgin fruit is a vegetable crop that blossoms and bears fruit continuously. After entering the flowering stage, the principle of seeing wet and dry should be grasped (refers to watering once thoroughly, and then watering the second time when the soil is almost dry. The function is to prevent excessive watering leading to rotten roots and diseases and insect pests caused by moisture), not more watering, nor drought, otherwise it will cause falling flowers and fruits and physiological cracking.

3. Pruning and pruning: varieties with limited growth of virgin fruit should promote its growth as far as possible, always leave two strong lateral branches in the upper part to make it grow upward, pay attention to the balance between the number of leaves and fruits, if the growth is too weak, some buds can be removed. The infinite growth type does not aim at prematurity, but can be pruned with double poles, because the seed price is higher, but the production is multi-line and single-stem pruning. In order to improve the quality, enhance the light, promote ventilation and prevent diseases, the old leaves below the ear can be removed.

4. Pest control: Spodoptera litura and cotton bollworm can be sprayed with trichlorfon and dichlorvos, and aphids can be sprayed with 1000 times of imidacloprid. There are four common diseases: quenching disease, early blight disease, bacterial wilt and virus disease. at the initial stage of the disease, 64% alum wettable powder 500 times or 70% Dysen zinc wettable powder 400 times 500 times, or 50% methyl topiramate 500 times, can be used for spray control.

5. Harvest and packaging: because of its high sugar content, virgin fruit can only be harvested when it is fully ripe to truly reflect the inherent flavor and quality. Keep the slices when harvesting and pick them by hand from the off-layer of the stalk. However, the yellow fruit can be harvested when medium well, but the flavor is good, because its pulp is easy to deteriorate after full maturity. It is appropriate to pack in cardboard boxes to avoid crushing, usually 500g in a small package, 5000 grams in a large carton or rigid plastic box, with vents on the box to prevent water droplets so as not to affect the transportation and storage time.

Key points of Virgin Fruit cultivation

1. Variety: select the middle and late maturing variety in the infinite growth type, and plant Taiwan ruby (new virgin). This variety has long production period, high yield, strong heat and humidity resistance.

2. Raising seedlings: because the seeds are small, the virgin fruit should pay more attention to the management of sowing rate and temperature and humidity. The upper temperature is about 27 ℃. After germination, the soil temperature should be reduced to 20 ℃. Pay attention to ventilation. When the first true leaf grows out, it is not as big as cotyledons, it should be moved to the seedling bowl to promote flower bud differentiation.

3. Planting: it is better to choose the soil with deep soil layer, convenient drainage and fertile soil, and it is better to plant in the land where the previous crops have not been planted. After soil preparation and fertilization, it is made into a high border of 30 cm, with double rows in each border, with a plant spacing of 30 cm to 45 cm, which is beneficial to pruning. In order to reduce diseases and insect pests, control the growth of weeds, prevent fruit decay, keep the fruit clean and improve the commercial value, the seedlings with buds in the first inflorescence are generally used as the standard.

4. Binding vine: after planting and returning seedlings, the virgin fruit should be inserted and tied in time, and the precocious self-capping variety should be inserted into a low frame with a height of less than 1 meter. Elevated varieties with a height of more than 1.5 meters. Generally insert herringbone frame and stand, frame pole should be strong and firm, in order to prevent lodging. Tie the vine from the upper part of the first ear and tie the stem to the rack, and then tie it every 2 to 3 leaves. Pay attention to the loosening of the vine, tighten the plant when it is prosperous, and loosen the weak one.

5. Picking leaves: in order to improve quality, enhance light, promote ventilation and prevent diseases, the old leaves below the ear can be removed in the cultivation process of virgin fruit.

6. Fruit setting: the cultivation of virgin fruit is usually pollinated by electric oscillator, but when some varieties are cultivated in poor pollination season, the oscillator effect is poor, so spraying anti-falling element is used to prevent flower and fruit drop.

7. Branching: according to the growth of the virgin fruit, it can be divided into two methods: single stem pruning and double trunk pruning, only the trunk is left, and all the lateral buds are removed, the double trunk pruning is except for the trunk, leaving only one lateral branch from the leaf axils below the first inflorescence, and all other lateral buds are erased, and the buds should be picked out as soon as possible, and it is best to choose sunny days. Keep the wound dry to avoid bacterial infection. if it is carried out on a rainy day, spray immediately after the operation.