Sesame cultivation techniques

Sesame, also known as fat sesame, flax, etc., is native to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China. It is an annual erect herb of the genus Sesame of the family Sesamaceae. It is distributed all over the tropical and temperate regions of the world. It is one of the main oil crops in China, with a planting area of about 790000 hectares and a yield of more than 580000 tons. It has high planting value. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of sesame.

Sesame planting environment

1. Soil: because the seed is small and the root system is shallow, it is most suitable to be planted in loose soil from slight acid to neutral (PH6.5~7.5). Loose soil can coordinate the contradiction among water, fertilizer and air supply, which is beneficial to the extension of root system.

2. Accumulated temperature: the accumulated temperature during the whole growth period of sesame is 2500 ~ 3000 ℃, and the most suitable temperature for the development of sesame is 20 ~ 24 ℃.

3. Precipitation: the suitable rainfall during the whole growing period of sesame is 210-250 mm.

4. Sunshine: sufficient sunlight is needed during the whole growth period of sesame, which can strengthen photosynthesis, contribute to the accumulation of nutrients, meet the needs of flowering and fruiting, make the fruit full and conducive to the formation of oil.

Sesame cultivation techniques

1. Sowing the whole border: the width of the furrow is 33 cm, the height of the border is 20 cm, the width of the border is 1 to 1.2 meters, and the width of the border is appropriate and easy to manage. Digging shallow trenches on the border surface, the furrow spacing (also line spacing) is 33 cm. When sowing, because the seeds of sesame seeds are small and the density is difficult to control, they can be mixed well with a small amount of dry fine soil and then sowed.

2. Chemical weeding: in 3 days after sowing, 60% Horniss EC was used for 60 ml per mu, diluted with 50 kg water and evenly sprayed on the border surface, which could reduce the growth of weeds.

3. Suitable time seedlings: after more than ten days, after they grow 2-3 cotyledons, they will grow again in 5-6 days, so that the plant spacing is between 22-24 cm, and 8000-10000 seedlings are planted per mu. Suitable plant spacing is beneficial to its branching.

4. Scientific fertilization: first, it is necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer, applying 1500 kg of farm manure per mu. After the growth of 3-4 true leaves, human feces and urine were applied twice. The flowering and capsule-forming period was the most exuberant period for sesame growth, and it was also the peak period for fertilizer demand. Ammonium sulfate was applied at 10 kg per mu, and foliar spraying was carried out with a mixture of 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% borax, once every 5 days and twice in succession.

5. Topping harvest: after the full fruiting period, when the leaf nodes at the top of the main stem are clustered and almost stop growing, pick the apical bud on a sunny morning. If the sesame fruit is yellow and ripe, the grain can be harvested in black.

Control of sesame diseases and insect pests

1. When Fusarium wilt and blight occur at the seedling stage of sesame, 0.5 kg of 50% Yekuling wettable powder per mu, 20 kg of wet fine soil, strip application of ditch bottom (soil disinfection), and then sowing. It can also be sprayed with 25% ammonia copper fungicide Rhizoctonia solani 25 grams per mu when sesame seedling disease is first seen, mixed with about 40 kilograms of water, or sprayed with copper sulfate 800 times or 80% DuPont Xinwansheng 800 times, once every seven days, 2 times in a row.

2. Sesame bacterial wilt may occur in the whole growth period. 50 grams of 20% Ye Qing Shuang wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used per mu, about 50 kg of water, spray. If the disease of spot tablets is obvious, you can use liquid irrigation instead, and the effect is better. At the initial stage of the disease, the effect of root irrigation with 3000 times solution of Luheng No. 1 was ideal.

3. The disease of sesame stem blight is more serious in the later stage of its growth. 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used per mu, or Luheng 7 500 × 700 times, or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 60 g, spray with water about 50 kg.

4. The sesame borer moth occurs from the early flowering stage to the pre-harvest stage, but it is more harmful at the full pod stage. The peak period of larvae can be mastered, which can be packed with 3% Keou 2: 3 per mu, or with 90% trichlorfon 800-1000 times liquid, about 50 kg per mu.

5. Sesame moth often occurs in the middle and later stage, which can catch the peak period of larvae, using 3% Kaiou 2: 3 pack per mu or 80% trichlorfon 800-1000 times liquid, or 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1500 times, spraying 50 kg per mu.

6. The diseased plants of sesame mosaic appear mosaic, wrinkle, twisted stem, dwarf, generally not fruiting or small capsule seeds are thin, and the flowers and leaves turn yellow after expansion. Virus resistant varieties can be selected, such as Hubei Bagu fork, Suxuan 5, Ezhi 1, Henan Zhengzhi 1, Xiangyin 55, willow green, etc., and pay attention to the control of sesame aphids.