Cultivation Techniques of Autumn Sowing Garlic

Garlic also known as garlic, gourd, garlic, garlic plants collectively, lily family onion semi-annual herbs, the most suitable period of sowing is to make the plant grow to 5~6 leaves before winter, at this time the plant cold resistance is the strongest, in the cold winter will not be frozen to death, and for the plant to smoothly pass the vernalization lay a good foundation, let's take a look at the autumn garlic cultivation technology bar!

timely sowing

The optimum sowing period of garlic is to make the plant grow to 5~6 leaves before overwintering, at which time the cold resistance of the plant is the strongest, and it will not be frozen to death in cold winter, and it will lay a good foundation for the plant to pass vernalization smoothly. The Yangtze River Basin and its south areas are generally sown in the middle and late September. The Yangtze River Basin has cool weather in September, suitable for garlic seedlings to emerge and grow. If the seeds are sown too early, the seedlings grow too vigorously before overwintering and consume nutrients, the overwintering ability will be reduced, and the vernalization may occur again, causing secondary growth, forming multiple garlic in the second year, reducing the quality of garlic. Sowing too late, the seedlings are small, the tissue is tender, the root system is weak, the accumulated nutrients are less, the cold resistance is lower, and more deaths occur during winter. So garlic must strictly control the sowing time.

rational close planting

Close planting is the basis of yield increase. The yield of garlic stem and garlic head is composed of plant number per mu, garlic petal number per plant, stem weight and petal weight. According to the characteristics of varieties should be appropriate dense planting, so that there are more plants per mu. Early-maturing varieties are generally shorter plants, fewer leaves, shorter growth period, and correspondingly larger density. It is better to plant about 50,000 plants per mu, row spacing is 14~17 cm, plant spacing is 7~8 cm, and seed per mu is 150~200 kg. Mid-late maturing varieties have long growth period, tall plants, more leaves and smaller density, so that the population structure is reasonable and light energy can be fully utilized. The density should be controlled at 40,000 plants per mu, row spacing 16~18 cm, plant spacing 10 cm or so, and seed per mu 150 kg or so.

sowing method

"Deep planting onion seeds shallow planting garlic" is the experience of farmers for many years. Garlic sowing depth is generally suitable for 3~4 cm. Garlic sowing method has two kinds, one kind is insert seed, namely seed petal insert soil, cover soil after sowing, steadfast. Second, ditching sowing, that is, with a hoe to open a shallow ditch, seed petals in the soil. After a trench is opened, the soil opened at the same time covers the previous row of seed petals. After sowing, the soil cover thickness is about 2 cm, and the feet are lightly pressed and watered thoroughly. To prevent drought, cover the soil with two layers of straw or other moisture retaining material. Planting should not be too deep, too deep will sprout late, pseudostem too long, root water absorption fertilizer, growth too prosperous, garlic formation by soil extrusion difficult to expand. However, planting should not be too shallow, too shallow is easy to "jump petals" when seedling, seedling rhizosphere easy to lack water, root development is poor, easy to freeze death during winter.

intertilled weeding

Herbicides can be sprayed from sowing to pre-emergence. Prometryne is effective in controlling crabgrass, gray cabbage, polygonum, setaria, etc. in garlic field. 50% prometryne is applied at 100~ 150g per mu. Simazine and atrazine 120~240 g/mu. 35~ 6g for weed control. For garlic fields dominated by monocotyledonous weeds, 120 - 150g of dahuili is used per mu, diluted with 30 - 50kg of water 5 - 7 days after sowing (before emergence), and sprayed at night. For garlic fields dominated by dicotyledonous broadleaf grass, 120~150 ml of 25% benazolin or 45~60 ml of 24% goer are used per mu, and 40~60 kg of water is added 7~10 days after sowing (before emergence), and sprayed at night. During the growth period of garlic seedlings, when weeds just sprout, they should be cultivated, and weeds should be removed at the same time. Weeds that are difficult to cultivate between plants should also be removed early to avoid competing with garlic seedlings for fertilizer.

topdressing management

Although garlic seedlings have seed petal nutrition during growth period, topdressing should be applied at appropriate period in order to promote seedling growth and increase plant nutrient area. Due to the weak ability of garlic root system to absorb water and fertilizer, it should be applied quick-acting fertilizer to avoid de-fertilization and yellowing of leaf tip. Garlic topdressing is generally 3~4 times.

1, promote seedling fertilizer: garlic seedlings after Qi, apply 1 light human excrement seedling, avoid ammonium bicarbonate, in case of burn seedlings.

2, Sheng long fertilizer: 60~80 days after sowing, re-apply 1 decomposed human and animal fertilizer plus chemical fertilizer, 20~30 loads per mu, ammonium sulfate 10 kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5 kg. Early-maturing varieties catch up early, late-maturing varieties catch up late, promote seedlings to grow vigorously, stem and leaf stout, to rot when the mother less yellow tip or not yellow tip.

3. Embryo fertilizer: after planting garlic, flower buds and scale buds differentiate into flower stem elongation period one after another. This period old root senescence, a large number of new roots occur, while stems and leaves and garlic sprouts also rapid elongation, garlic also began to slowly expand, so more nutrients, should be re-applied available potassium, nitrogen fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better)10~15 kg. Apply it about half a month before the emergence of the tail (the short sprouts at the lower part of the pseudostem can be observed by stripping the seedlings) to meet the needs and promote the rapid and vigorous growth of garlic sprouts.

4. Garlic expansion fertilizer: early maturity and early and medium maturity varieties, because the temperature is not high when garlic expands. The garlic bulb swelling period is correspondingly longer. In order to promote garlic bulb hypertrophy, available nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied before garlic bulb harvest. Such as: nitrogen and potassium fertilizer mu application 5~10 kg, if only urea, about 5 kg can not be applied too much, otherwise it will cause the formation of garlic sprouts to return to green, and re-long leaves and consume garlic clove nutrients. Topdressing should be carried out before garlic sprouts harvest, when garlic sprouts harvest is rich in nutrients to promote garlic bulb expansion. If topdressing is carried out after garlic sprouts are harvested, it will easily lead to yield reduction. If the soil is more fertile, garlic leaves hypertrophy color deep, you can not apply expansion fertilizer. Middle and late maturing varieties due to late bolting, high temperature, generally 20~25 days after bolting that harvest garlic, it can also be free from chasing expansion fertilizer.

moisture management

1, Qi seedling stage: generally sowing 1 week that is Qi seedling. After dressing, if the soil is dry, irrigation can be done once to promote seedling growth.

2. Early seedling stage: seedling stage is the key period for the differentiation and formation of garlic vegetative organs. Garlic enters the early stage of seedling growth after full seedling, irrigation should be controlled and drainage should be paid attention to after autumn rain because of irrigation once after full seedling and more autumn rain in Yangtze River Basin.

3. The middle and late stages of seedlings: marked by the period from before overwintering to the end of female withdrawal. This stage is longer, and it is also an important period for garlic nutritional growth. Rainfall has decreased significantly in many places before winter. The soil is dry and should be watered once. After wintering, the temperature gradually rises, the seedlings begin to grow vigorously again, and irrigation should be timely to promote the growth of garlic leaves and the thickening of pseudostems.

4. Bolting stage: the leaves of garlic seedling differentiation have all been displayed, the leaf area growth reaches the peak, the root system has also expanded to the maximum range, the growth of garlic sprouts is accelerated, this stage is the period of maximum fertilizer and water demand, and bolting water should be irrigated in time after bolting fertilizer. After "showing tail", water should be continuously watered to promote seedlings until 2 to 3 days before bolting, so as to facilitate storage and transportation.

5. Head expansion period: watering immediately after harvest to promote rapid expansion and weight gain of garlic. Stop watering 5 days before harvesting garlic, control growth, promote assimilation substances in leaves to accelerate transport to garlic.

timely harvesting

1. Harvest garlic sprouts

① The suitable period for collecting garlic sprouts is when garlic sprouts sprout leaf sheaths and begin to bend. The yield and quality of garlic sprouts were greatly affected by harvest time. Early bolting, low yield, easy to break, poor commodity quality. Too late bolting, although can improve yield, but consume too much nutrients, affecting garlic growth and development. And garlic sprouts tissue aging, fiber increase. Especially garlic sprouts base tissue aging, unfit to eat.

(2) It is better to harvest garlic sprouts at noon and afternoon in sunny days. At this time, the plants are wilting, the leaf sheath and garlic sprouts are easy to separate, and the leaves are tough and not easy to break, which can reduce the damaged leaves. If garlic sprouts are harvested in rainy days or after rain, the plants have fully absorbed water, garlic sprouts and leaves are weak and easily broken.

(3) The method of bolting should be determined according to the specific situation. For example, the leaf sheath of garlic in Ershuizao is tight. In order to obtain high yield, garlic sprouts can be cut open or pseudostems can be cut open with needles. The yield of garlic sprouts is high and the quality is excellent. However, after pseudostems are cut open, the plants are easy to die, the yield of garlic bulbs is low, and the petals are easy to scatter. To harvest garlic as the main purpose, such as Cangshan garlic bolting should try to keep the pseudostem intact, promote garlic growth. When picking sprouts, the left hand usually pinches the pseudostem at the 3~4 leaves upside down, and the right hand shoots garlic sprouts. Although the yield of garlic sprouts is slightly lower, the pseudostems are slightly damaged and the plants remain upright, which is beneficial to the expansion and growth of garlic sprouts.

2. Garlic harvesting: Garlic can be harvested 15~20 days (mostly 18 days) after garlic sprouts are harvested. The signs of garlic harvest at the right time are: most leaves are dry, the upper leaves fade into grayish green, the tips of leaves are dry and drooping, the pseudostems are in a soft state, and the garlic basically grows. Collection too late, garlic tender and moisture, tissue is not full, not full, easy to dry after storage. Collection too late, garlic easy to loose head, garlic cloves easy to scatter when pulling garlic, lose commodity value. Garlic collection, hard application shovel dig, soft directly with the hand out. After garlic is removed, it is transported to the field. The garlic leaves in the next row are placed on the heads of the previous row. Only the seedlings are dried, not the heads, to prevent the garlic from burning or turning green. After 2~3 days of frequent stirring, the stems and leaves can be stored after drying.