Control techniques of diseases and insect pests in broad bean

Broad bean is one of the earliest legume crops cultivated by human beans. there are more than 50 countries growing broad bean in the world. In addition to selecting disease-resistant varieties, reasonable close planting and pruning, drought prevention and drainage, increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and enhancing plant resistance, chemical control is also very necessary. Let's take a look at the pest control techniques of broad bean.

Broad bean blight

[harm characteristics] Vicia faba can occur at all growth stages, but the disease is more serious at the tender pod stage, mainly infecting the stem base or underground part of broad bean, but also infecting the seeds. The stem base infection often appears black lesions on one side of the stem or ring stem, resulting in the blackening of the stem.

[prevention and treatment methods] at the initial stage of the disease, 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc wettable powder solution, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder solution, or 21% carbendazim wettable powder solution, or 20% methyl rifampicin EC 1100-1200 solution, etc.

Broad bean red spot

[hazard characteristics] Red dots first appeared on the leaves, which gradually expanded into round or oval disease spots, and in severe cases, all parts turned black and withered, and there were black sclerotia on the inner wall of the stem.

[prevention and treatment methods] at the initial stage of the disease, Bordeaux solution of 1 ∶ 2 ∶ was sprayed. After that, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times once every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row, initially spraying Bordeaux solution is better than spraying carbendazim.

Broad bean rust

[damage characteristics] Rust spots appeared on the leaves until the leaves dried up, and when serious, all the plants withered.

[control method] 50 grams of 15% trimethoprim can be used to spray 50-60 kg of water, 40-60 kg per mu, about 20 days after application, and then spray once.

Broad bean Fusarium wilt

[hazard characteristics] Fusarium wilt is mainly caused by blackening of roots, short main roots, few lateral roots, yellow leaves, wilting plants and drooping top stems and leaves.

[prevention and treatment method] at the initial stage of the disease, 50% methyl topiramate 500 times solution can be used to irrigate the root, and the drug can be used for 2-3 times, which has a good control effect.

Broad bean brown spot

[harm characteristics] Vicia faba brown spot can infect the stems, leaves, pods and seeds of Vicia faba. At the beginning of the disease, the leaves show small reddish brown freckles, then expand into round or oval spots, the center of the spot is light gray, the edges are dark brown and red, and the diameter is 3-8 mm. There are dense black grains arranged in rings on it, and when the disease is serious, they blend into irregular patches.

[prevention and treatment methods] at the initial stage of the disease, 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600-800 times, or 50% succinic acid copper acid wettable powder 500-600 solution can be sprayed every 7-10 days for 1-2 times.

Verticillium wilt of broad bean

[hazard characteristics] yellowing occurred only in one section of the plant at first, and the color on the other side was normal. The leaves on the upper part of the stem gradually yellowed from the lower part to the upper part, and the yellowed leaves were pale green or green-yellow at first, and then turned yellow completely.

[control methods] resistant varieties and rotation were selected for ①. At the initial stage of the onset of ②, 50% mixed sulfur suspension, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 50% copper succinate wettable powder were irrigated with 500ml of each plant. Stop using medicine 3 days before harvest.

Broad bean anthracnose

[hazard characteristics] Vicia faba anthracnose mainly harms leaves, stems and pods. At the initial stage of leaf damage, dark reddish brown spots are scattered on the surface, and then expand to 1-3 mm with reddish brown edges in the middle. The disease spot fused into a large patch, the size of 10 mm, the disease spot round to irregular shape, mostly limited by leaf veins, the diseased leaf rarely dried up, and black spots appeared on the disease spot in the later stage.

[prevention and treatment] before or at the initial stage of the disease, 80% anthrax Fumei wettable powder was sprayed 8-1000 times, or 58% metalaxyl manganese-zinc wettable powder 800-1200 times, etc. Spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row. Stop using medicine 3 days before harvest.

Broad bean mosaic disease

[hazard characteristics] Vicia faba mosaic disease occurred in the whole plant, and the symptoms were different due to different strains of bean macular mosaic virus, which could be divided into two types: mosaic type and yellowing type. The mosaic diseased plant is obviously short, the leaf is wrinkled, curly and thick, the mesophyll is yellow and green alternately mottled, the dwarfism of the mildly diseased plant is not obvious, but the apical heart leaf turns yellow or curled, the seriously diseased plant is obviously shorter than the healthy plant, and does not bloom and bear fruit. The yellowing type plant is short, the leaves are yellow and thin, the stem is erect, generally not wilting, and the diseased leaves are easy to fall early in the later stage.

[control methods] ① selects disease-resistant varieties and pays attention to strengthening field management. When ② is sprayed in time to control aphids, 50% aldicarb wettable powder can be used 2500-3000 times. Stop spraying three days before harvest.

Broad bean root rot

[hazard characteristics] the main root and stem base of the damaged plant had primary water stains, black and rotten later, the lateral root decayed, the cortex was easy to fall off, and there was a dense white snow layer on the surface of the rotten root, which was the mycelium of the pathogen, which was like mouse dung-like black particles, which was the sclerotia of the pathogen. In the later stage, the water of the diseased stem evaporated, the diseased part dried up and turned gray, the epidermis ruptured like hemp, and sometimes there were black particles in the interior.

[control methods] ① strengthens field management, timely irrigation when drought, timely drainage and drainage when it rains, reasonable crop rotation, no partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, reasonable close planting, so as to improve field ventilation and light transmission, improve plant disease resistance and reduce disease. When sowing, ② was sown with 150g carbendazim per mu mixed with fine soil. At seedling stage, ③ was irrigated with 50% carbendazim 1000-fold solution, or sprayed with 70% topiramate 800-1500 times solution, or 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder.

Liriomyza huidobrensis

[hazard characteristics] Liriomyza huidobrensis as larvae sneak under the epidermis of broad bean leaves, zigzag through, feed on green tissue, resulting in irregular gray-white linear tunnels. When the damage was serious, almost all the leaf tissue was damaged, and the leaves were covered with decay channels, especially the leaves at the base of the plant suffered the most, even withered and died. Larvae can also eat young pods and pedicels, and adults can also suck plant juices to make the sucked places into small white spots.

[control methods] to control adults during the peak period of adults or to control adults when damage occurs, larvae should be controlled several times in succession, once every 5-6 days, 500x solution of "Banqianjing" can be used, or 800x solution of "Aweidu" or 1000 times of 40% "omethoate" EC, etc.