Planting techniques of Zizania caduciflora

Zizania caduciflora can be divided into two types: single-season Zizania latifolia in autumn and double-season Zizania latifolia in autumn and summer, all of which are propagated separately. Zizania latifolia in the Yangtze River Basin is planted in Qingming to Grain Rain in a single season. Zizania latifolia can be divided into spring and autumn in spring and autumn. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Zizania caduciflora.

Selection of species and plants of Zizania caduciflora

Because Zizania latifolia and male Zizania latifolia are naturally produced in normal Zizania latifolia fields every year, they must be selected every year. In some places where Zizania caduciflora was newly introduced, the production was better in the first year, the phenomenon of gray and male Zizania latifolia began to appear in the second year, and the seed stump could not be planted in the third year, and a large number of grey and male Zizania latifolia appeared, and the yield decreased greatly. If the seed stumps or ramets of Zizania latifolia and Zizania latifolia are used as seeds, they will still be grey and male in the second year and will never become normal.

Before the harvest of Zizania latifolia in autumn, the excellent single plant with early pregnancy, strong and tender flesh, the harvest period of main Zizania latifolia and tillering Zizania latifolia, no ash, no diseases and insect pests and no male Zizania latifolia were selected and used as a mark. It was found that the leaves of Zizania latifolia and male Zizania latifolia should be knotted as a sign, and when they were divided into piers in the spring of the second year, the roots of Zizania latifolia and male Zizania latifolia were first dug out. 200-300 piers per mu of field are needed. After the selected excellent seeds and plants are to be harvested, the Zizania caduciflora bushes will be dug up from the middle of December to the middle of January of the following year.

The buds germinated from 1-2 underground stems of Zizania latifolia are effective tillers, so the uppermost and lowest segments of the plant should be cut off and the middle section should be left for cutting and pseudo-planting. The row spacing of the pseudo-planting is 50 cm, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and an 80-cm walkway is set aside every 5-6 rows. The pseudo-planting depth is 1-2 cm shallow water layer. In order to promote the pseudo-planting seedlings to sprout early and prevent freezing, plastic film mulching can be used in the seedling field, which can make Zizania caduciflora grow and develop earlier, thus mature earlier and increase the yield.

When the pseudo-planting seedlings survive, 3-4 kg of ammonium bicarbonate can be applied per mu of seedling field to promote the growth of seedlings. For the Zizania caduciflora with dense rhizomes and crowded tillers in spring, the weak tillers should be removed when the seedling height is about 10 cm, and a piece of mud should be pressed to the rhizosphere to make the tiller buds spread around, so as to improve the nutritional status and ventilation and light between plants. In order to reduce the occurrence of male Zizania latifolia, the seedlings which were too vigorous and tended to be "male" were removed one week before transplanting. "Zizania latifolia" sprouted from the stolon can not be used for planting Zizania caduciflora.

Planting methods of Zizania caduciflora

1. Zizania caduciflora field selection: Zizania caduciflora field should choose fields with good light, flat land, deep soil layer and strong water conservation and fertility, especially the paddy field with cold water or the land near the reservoir that can be irrigated by deep water.

2. Ploughing and fertilization: ploughing the Zizania latifolia field, applying 3000 kg of rotten farm manure or 2500 kg of thick human manure per mu. If the previous crop is a rice field, the amount of base fertilizer should be increased and raked flat, and then irrigated 2-3 cm, so that the field is flat, mud rotten and fat.

3. Timely planting: from April to early May, Zizania caduciflora seedlings can be transferred and planted when the height of Zizania latifolia seedlings is about 20 cm and the soil temperature of paddy field is above 10 ℃. If the old Zizania caduciflora pier is selected to raise seedlings, the old Zizania latifolia pier is dug up at this time, and the pier is divided longitudinally according to 3-5 sound tillers according to the direction of tillering. The pier is required to take the old stem, and the tillers and new roots are not hurt as much as possible. If Zizania caduciflora seedlings are too high, the leaf tip can be cut off to keep the seedling height at 25-30em to prevent lodging after planting. Planting density is generally line spacing 70-80em, pier spacing 65 cm, and divided into large and small rows, large behavior aisle. About 1200 piers per mu were planted to ensure 6000 basic tillers. The planting depth is based on the soilless of the old stem and bolting tube, and it is better to plant in sunny afternoon.

Planting Management of Zizania caduciflora

1. Water level management: the water level management of Zizania caduciflora is based on the principle of "shallow, deep and shallow". In the early growth stage after planting (before tillering), keeping a shallow water level of 3-5 cm is beneficial to increase the ground temperature and promote rooting and tillering. In the later stage of tillering in June, the water level was deepened to 12-15 cm to inhibit the occurrence of invalid tillers. Due to the high temperature from July to August, the deep water level also had a cooling effect, but the water should be changed regularly to prevent rotting roots caused by soil hypoxia. In the pregnant stage, the water level should be deepened to 15-18 cm, but should not exceed the position of "Zizania caduciflora eye" (the highest water level should not exceed 2 × 3 of the pseudo-stem) to prevent the bolting tube from elongating. In the later stage of pregnancy, the water level should be lowered to 3-5 cm to facilitate harvest. After harvest, Zizania caduciflora fields should be kept in shallow water layer or moist state for the winter, and should not be dry. In each topdressing, it is necessary to wait for the fertilizer to be absorbed into the soil before irrigating. In case of rainstorm, attention should be paid to timely drainage to prevent the elongation of the bolting pipe caused by the high water level.

2. Topdressing by stages

① fertilizer for raising seedlings: after 7-10 days of planting, 500kg of human feces and urine or 15-20kg of ammonium bicarbonate were applied per mu to promote seedlings. If the basal fertilizer of Zizania latifolia is enough, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced.

② tillering fertilizer: at the early tillering stage (about 10 days apart from the first fertilizer), 1000 kg of human feces and urine or 20-30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate were applied per mu to promote effective tillering and plant growth. If no seedling fertilizer is applied, tiller fertilizer should be applied in advance.

③ regulating fertilizer: from June to July in the peak tillering period, topdressing should be carried out according to the growth of the plant, generally applying 10-15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu, but not if the plant growth is strong.

④ promoting Zizania latifolia fertilizer: when 10% of 20% of the tillering seedlings of Zizania latifolia have become flattened (beginning of pregnancy), Zizania latifolia fertilizer should be re-applied to promote the expansion of fleshy stems and increase yield, generally applying 2500000 kg of mature human feces and urine per mu, or 30% of ammonium bicarbonate 40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate. Zizania latifolia fertilizer should be applied timely, early application, the plant has not yet been pregnant, it is easy to cause overgrowth, thus delaying pregnancy. If the fertilizer is applied too late, it can not catch up with the need for fertilizer during the pregnant period, which will affect the yield.

3. Ploughing the field, plucking the yellow leaf Zizania caduciflora, weeding and weeding should be done in time after planting. In order to protect the tiller seedlings, the tiller seedlings should be cultivated from near to far to prevent damage to the tiller seedlings. It is better to cultivate the field without weeds, the mud is not too solid, and the soil is flat. In the late tillering stage of Zizania caduciflora in late June, the old and yellow leaves at the base of the plant should be removed in time to promote ventilation and light transmission and pregnancy. Pick yellow leaves once every 7-10 days for a total of 2-3 times. The peeled yellow leaves will be stepped into the mud at any time and can be used as fertilizer.

4. Pest control: the main pests of Zizania latifolia are green planthopper, Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis, thrips, aphids and so on. The evergreen planthopper colonized on the leaves, causing the leaves to wither and yellow and reduce the yield. The larvae of Chilo suppressalis and Chilo suppressalis harm the meat of Zizania caduciflora. The clusters of thrips and aphids harm the young leaves and cause the leaf tips to wither and curl. Prevention and control measures: spray every 12 days from colonization survival to 7-10 days before harvest. Green planthopper and thrips can use 1000 times of dimethoate, 2000 times of buprofezin and 1000-1500 times of Uranus EC. Chilo suppressalis and Chilo suppressalis use 1000 times of 5% fipronil, 2500 times of Bt series wettable powder, 2500 times of 5% Yitaibao EC, 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos EC and 18% insecticidal double. Alternately spray 20% triazophos 800-1000 times, 25% imidophos 600,800 times or 20% good winter 1000 times.

5. Control diseases: the main diseases of Zizania caduciflora are rust, flax spot and sheath blight, which harm leaves and fleshy stems, withering leaves and fleshy stems, especially in high temperature season, which affects yield. Prevention and control measures: at the initial stage of the disease, spray 1500 times of 20% strychnine, 97% of sodium diurate, 70 times of mancozeb or 40% of Fuxing 8000 times, once every 7 to 10 days for a total of 2-3 times. All kinds of medicaments should be used alternately. Flax spot can be controlled with 1000 times of 50% prohydantoin or 50% carbendazim. Sheath blight was controlled with 5% Jingangmycin 300 times solution. After Zizania latifolia enters the pregnant stage, it is forbidden to use fungicides to avoid killing smut bacteria and causing infertility, so disease prevention must be carried out in the early stage of plant growth (before tillering).

6. timely harvest: Zizania caduciflora in mountain areas generally began to be pregnant in early July and harvested from mid-August to early September, which was 20-30 days earlier than that in autumn in plain areas. Different climatic conditions, especially the temperature, will affect the gestation time and harvest time of Zizania caduciflora. Cut off the bolting tube, cut off the leaves and leave the leaf sheath 40em during harvest. Zizania caduciflora with leaf sheath can be stored in clear water for 3-5 days (if stored in cold storage, it can be kept fresh for 60-70 days). Generally speaking, it takes about 14-18 days from the beginning of pregnancy to harvest. If the harvest is too early, the fleshy stem has not been fully expanded and the yield is low. If harvested too late, the meat of Zizania latifolia turns green, its quality decreases, and it is easy to form Zizania latifolia. After entering the harvest period, it should be harvested every 3 murals every 4 days. Generally, the yield of Zizania latifolia per mu is about 1600 kg.