Planting techniques of double-cropping Zizania caduciflora

Zizania caduciflora can be divided into two types: single season in autumn and double season in autumn and summer. Both of them are propagated separately. Zizania latifolia in a single season in the Yangtze River Basin is planted in separate piers from Qingming to Grain Rain. In summer and autumn, Zizania latifolia can be divided into spring and autumn. Spring is planted before and after Grain Rain, and autumn is planted before and after the Beginning of Autumn. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of double-season Zizania caduciflora.

Growth characteristics of Zizania caduciflora

1. Root: the root of Zizania caduciflora is mainly planted in two parts, one on the underground stem and the other on the persistent root. The root is 20-70 cm long. The root system of Zizania caduciflora is well developed, and it is an organ for Zizania latifolia to fully absorb nutrients.

2. Stem: there are two kinds of stem of Zizania caduciflora, one is underground stem and the other is aboveground stem. The underground stem is also known as the underground stolon, and the top of the stolon can also produce Zizania caduciflora. The aboveground stem forms a moss tube on the surface, which is called the persistent rhizome, with leaves on the stem and Zizania caduciflora on the rhizome. Zizania caduciflora can tiller, the tillering ability is very strong, the tillers produced by the basal leaves are called primary tillers, and the basal leaves of primary tillers can also be secondary tillers, forming basic seedlings.

3. Leaves: the leaves of Zizania caduciflora are longer, which are divided into leaves, leaf sheaths and leaf pillows, and the leaves are parallel veins. The leaves are 100-150 cm long and 3-3.5 cm wide.

4. Temperature, water and nutrients: the suitable temperature for the growth of Zizania caduciflora is 20-25 ℃, and the air humidity is more than 85%. Therefore, Zizania latifolia should grow in water, but the water should not be too deep. In swamps, Zizania latifolia fields should generally maintain a proper water layer. The water layer of Zizania latifolia is deeper during pregnancy and shallower during tillering. When it is hot in summer, Zizania caduciflora is easy to get sick, so it is necessary to ventilate, pull yellow leaves and irrigate deep water to cool down to facilitate the growth of Zizania caduciflora. Zizania caduciflora needs to grow in paddy fields with rich organic matter and fertile land, and the application of potassium fertilizer can obviously increase the yield of Zizania caduciflora.

5. Pregnant Zizania latifolia: when Zizania caduciflora grows to a certain extent and the climate is suitable, it will become pregnant.

The gestation time of ① is from the end of May to the beginning of June to the end of July in summer, and from August to October in autumn.

The characteristics of ② pregnancy: when the temperature of Zizania latifolia begins to cool in the first and middle of September, the temperature difference between day and night is large, the nutrients in Zizania latifolia begin to accumulate, the accumulated nutrients are transferred and transported to the flower stem, the stem of Zizania latifolia is gradually flattened, and the old farmers call it a flat stem. After 3-5 days, the middle of the stem begins to expand, straight to dew, which forms Zizania latifolia. In the process of pregnancy, Zizania latifolia is essentially a thick-walled spore produced by smut and smut in Zizania caduciflora, and the mycelium invades the growth point of Zizania caduciflora. The mycelium secretes indole acetic acid and stimulates the expansion of flower stem to form Zizania caduciflora. Zizania caduciflora is a kind of fleshy stem and can be eaten as a vegetable.

③ pregnancy is related to temperature. The optimum temperature of Zizania latifolia is 24-25 ℃ and the humidity is 85-95%. If it is too high or too low, it will affect the pregnancy.

④ pregnancy is related to fertilization. Being too fat and too thin will also affect pregnancy, especially in summer. Pregnant Zizania latifolia fertilizer should be paid attention to, poor application should postpone pregnancy, and excessive fertilization should affect the yield.

⑤ pregnancy is related to management. Including the management of water, fertilizer, diseases, insect pests and weeds, no water in the field is too dry, and the roots are deeply rooted, which can easily lead to atavism and turn into Zizania latifolia. Too much fertilizer, too much fertilizer, powdery mildew can not stimulate, will not be pregnant. If you are too thin, you will not get pregnant if you grow and accumulate less nutrients. The field is full of weeds, Zizania caduciflora does not grow well, and will not produce Zizania caduciflora.

Planting techniques of double-cropping Zizania caduciflora

1. Select seedlings: send seedlings to raise seedlings, the time of sending seedlings is between New Year's Day and January 20. When the introduced seed pier of Zizania caduciflora is reared in the seedling field, the seedling field should be easily watered, can conserve water, and most of the seed pier should be inserted into the mud, arranged, fertilized with water for the winter, and can sprout in February next year. The water must not be cut off in winter to ensure that more than 8-20 seedlings can be produced on each pier.

2. Field preparation: the fields of Zizania caduciflora should be planted and generally ploughed 5-6 inches deep in winter to level the height so that Sheung Shui can reach a level.

3. Build the ridge of the field, hit the bottom of the field, cover the ridge of the field

① build ridges: in the middle and last ten days of March, we began to build ridges, hit the bottom of the fields, and cover them. Use the raw soil under the ploughing layer to build a ridge around the field with a high 50cm, a bottom width of 60-80cm and a top width of 40cm. The ridge of the field should be built smoothly and firmly, and be whipped and compacted with quicklime. Do not pour, collapse or leak after Sheung Shui.

② to hit the bottom of the field: such as a field near a river or ditch, or a field or lot with underground ditches, it is necessary to hit the bottom of the field, that is, take out the topsoil and sprinkle the raw mud with a layer of quicklime powder to firm it with Shilang head to prevent leakage.

③ cover ridge: after the ridge is built, in case of a big sunny day, the loose soil in the field should be used to hold the ridge on both sides to prevent sun cracking.

4. Base fertilizer: base fertilizer can be spread evenly with 3-5 tons of cow manure or 150 tons of human urine manure or 60 tons of chicken manure. If there is a lack of base fertilizer, the content of N, P and K is 45% compound fertilizer 100-150 jin, mash the soil fine, level it, and then prepare to cultivate Zizania caduciflora in water.

5. Planting cuttings: the time of planting cuttings is April 15-20, and the density is 1 m × 0.5 M. the seedlings are dug out and divided into piers, about 4 seedlings per pier, and the cuttings are planted on the same day. When dill Zizania latifolia seedlings, water should be added to flatten the soil in the field, and then plant cuttings. When planting cuttings, the water layer should be shallow, sow seedlings in shallow water, pull the line at a fixed point, a mark of one meter on a line, a row of 0.5m, so that one mu of basic seedlings is 5000 seedlings. When cutting, do not be too deep, the moss tube can be in the mud. It is so shallow that the wind will fall. You can replant the inverted seedlings in two days. Then irrigate the living trees in deep water.

Planting management of double-cropping Zizania caduciflora

1. Water slurry management: mainly according to the growing period of Zizania caduciflora, we should master the principles of planting in shallow water, living plants in deep water, tillering in shallow water, gradually deepening in the middle and later stage, combination of depth and depth in the period of collecting Zizania caduciflora, and warm and moist overwintering, specifically planting in shallow water and tillering in shallow water. after that, the water layer will be deepened and the deep water will cool down in the high temperature stage to spend the summer.

2. The management of fertilizer

① applied tillering fertilizer to Zizania caduciflora. One week after transplanting, when the water layer of Zizania caduciflora field is clear, ammonium bicarbonate can be applied 100jin per mu to promote plant growth and tillering.

② weeding field is to use iron tooth rake to turn the soil between the rows of Zizania caduciflora, so as to loosen soil, increase soil temperature and speed up fertilizer decomposition. At the same time, it can also get rid of weeds, rake off some of the old roots of Zizania caduciflora, and promote the production of new roots. Generally, the tiller nodes of Zizania caduciflora are not buried in the ground, the tillering node of Zizania caduciflora is not buried in the ground, generally 2-3 times, and the first time after transplanting, the plant just turns green, pulling away the soil around the plant. When a person is in a seedling, the direction of progress is perpendicular to the direction of the row (that is, horizontal progress). The second cropping was carried out 7-8 days after the first cropping. This time, the mud pulled up for the first time should be turned over and moved forward. The third harvest was carried out 7-8 days after the second harvest. This time, the soil should be further pulled into mud, and the soil of the whole field should be flattened and hoed deep. After these two ploughs, if there are weeds in the field, they should be pulled out by hand, and the weeds should be stepped into the mud as fertilizer.

By the end of June, the tillering of ③ seedlings was almost finished, and the number of seedlings per stump could reach more than 20. Then the ineffective tillers began to die. Fertilization in the growth and thickening stage depends on seedling fertilization, which aims to consolidate effective tillers, make effective plants grow thicker and achieve balanced growth. But do not grow too prosperous, coupled with high temperature, excessive disease, many insect pests, poor ventilation and light transmission. If some of the fields with water leakage and fertilizer leakage are thin and the plants are short, which will affect the water leakage in the future, on the one hand, we should solve the problem of water leakage, and at the same time, we should supplement potassium to promote strength.

④ heavy fertilization, autumn Zizania latifolia fertilization principle is heavy, that is, heavy tillering fertilizer, light application of long and coarse fertilizer, heavy fertilization of Zizania latifolia. However, the time of pregnant Zizania latifolia fertilizer depends on the day, the seedling, and the land. The so-called "because of the day" is applied when the weather turns cool in the first ten days of September. Generally, during this period of time, the cold air will flow south, and the weather will obviously turn cool. Because the seedlings should be applied less because of good fertility, and those with poor fertility should be applied more, generally applying 150-200 jin carbon ammonia / mu, heavy application of Zizania caduciflora fertilizer can make Zizania caduciflora neat, thick, tender and high yield. if the application is not good or too early, it is possible to postpone the gestation time, cause the evening market, and affect the benefit.

3. Harvest: there are several kinds of Zizania caduciflora after planting.

Generally speaking, the Zizania latifolia growing on the New Zizania latifolia in June is called Zizania latifolia. When plucking the Zizania latifolia, you should be careful not to pull it out.

Generally speaking, the Zizania caduciflora produced by ② in June and July is called Zizania caduciflora. At this time, if the weather is suitable and the condition of fertilizer and water is good, some Zizania caduciflora come out. At this time, the yield of Zizania caduciflora is low, the weight per plant is light, but the price is high, and the market needs it, so it can be used as a light vegetable. In cultivation, the cultivation of Zizania caduciflora is called the second season Zizania latifolia after re-application of pregnant Zizania caduciflora fertilizer to form Zizania latifolia cultivation.

③ in September to October, pregnant Zizania latifolia harvested, harvest should be careful not to pull out roots, received in October when the weather turned cold, there are tillers will also grow into Zizania caduciflora, can also be harvested. The yield of Zizania latifolia per mu in autumn is generally about 1000 kg, with more than 1250 kg. The water is cut off before and after the Winter Solstice, and the old Zizania latifolia is cut off a week later.

④ was re-fertilized with wax fertilizer. after the frost, the aboveground leaves were withered and yellow, but the underground stolons were still growing. The Winter Solstice cut the old Zizania caduciflora pier before and after, cut off the mud, took it out and burned it out of the field. Immediately apply 150-200 human feces to the Zizania caduciflora field in order to promote the growth of Zizania caduciflora seedlings in the coming year.

4. Xia Zizania management

After Zizania latifolia leaves in autumn, it should not always be dry in winter. The fields should be kept moist and irrigated in the middle of January to keep thin water in the fields so as to raise the ground temperature and produce more seedlings.

The key to the management of Zizania latifolia lies in water and fertilizer. The water should not leak, the wax fertilizer should be applied in time, it should be applied before the water in the first and middle of January, and the seedling fertilizer should be applied in the first ten days of April. However, generally considering that the weather temperature is rising gradually, even if the Zizania caduciflora fertilizer is applied, it is only a light supplement. Because of the poor fertilizer application of Zizania latifolia in summer, it results in infertility and reduces the yield. However, Zizania latifolia is too thin in summer and cannot be pregnant, which is different from the heavy application of panicle fertilizer to rice and wheat, and it is also different from that in autumn. The yield per mu can reach more than 1200-1500 kg. Summer Zizania latifolia is a crop with less investment and more income.

Pest control of Zizania latifolia in two seasons

1. Disease control: the main diseases are: Zizania latifolia blast, flax leaf spot.

[agricultural control] No partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, increased application of potassium fertilizer to enhance plant disease resistance.

[chemical control] Jinggangmycin 1RU 400 was sprayed to control Zizania latifolia plague and beat it twice in three days. The leaf spot of flax was sprayed with 50% carbendazim, or 0.2 kg, or 600 times with carbendazim.

2. Thrips

[hazard characteristics] New Zizania latifolia may be harmed by thrips at the beginning of May, resulting in new leaf curls and yellowing, in which there are thrips.

[prevention and treatment] dimethoate can be sprayed 600 times with dimethoate.

3. Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis

[damage characteristics] Chilo suppressalis, Chilo suppressalis and stem borer caused the death of Zizania caduciflora seedlings or drilling into the body of Zizania caduciflora caused by larvae, which affected the commercial food use of Zizania caduciflora, affected the yield and reduced the benefit.

[agricultural control] ① removes ridges and weeds in the field. ② grasped the oval period and used drugs in time.

[chemical control] spray with 25% Shachongshuang 0.3 kg per mu plus 200 jin of water or add 400-500 kg of water. Drugs are usually used in one field for 2-3 times.