Seed varieties and sowing methods of Chinese Cabbage

Chinese cabbage is eaten with tender leaf balls, rosette leaves or flower stems, which can be fried, souped and pickled. Together with Chinese cabbage, it has become an indispensable beautiful vegetable on the dining table of Chinese residents. In winter in northern China, Chinese cabbage is a regular guest on the dinner table. Let's take a look at the seed varieties and sowing methods of Chinese cabbage.

What are the seed varieties of Chinese cabbage?

Chinese cabbage is a crop of vegetables with the largest cultivated area, the highest yield and the best quality in northern China. Most of the selected varieties or first-generation hybrids have a growth period of about 85-110 days, which belongs to the type of middle and late maturity. The common ones are Beijing 106, Beijing Xin 1, Beijing Xin 2, Beijing Xin 3, Beijing Xin 4, Beijing Xin 5, Fushan Baotou, Shandong 4, Qingza Zhongfeng, Taiyuan Erbaotou, Taiyuan Erqing, Jinqing 9, Yuqing, Ji Cabbage 2, Jinbai 3, Yu Cabbage 1, Zhengzhou Erbaotou, Zhongbai 4, Qingma Leaf, Lianfeng, Liaobai 1, Jiabai 2, Chengyangqing, Anyang Dabotou and so on.

Seed treatment methods of Chinese Cabbage

1. Drying: in order to improve the seed germination potential, the seeds can be dried for 2-3 days, 2-3 hours a day, and placed in a cool place to dissipate heat before sowing. This method can improve the vigor of seeds after long-term storage.

2. Seed soaking in warm soup: seed soaking in warm soup can be carried out in order to prevent seeds from carrying bacteria. The specific method is to soak the seeds in cold water for 10 minutes, then soak the seeds in warm water of 50-54 ℃ for 30 minutes, immediately move them into cold water for cooling, and then remove them and put them in a ventilated place to dry for sowing.

3. Seed dressing with medicament

In order to control seed-borne diseases such as downy mildew and black rot, ① can use 0.3% to 0.4% of the seed amount of rex, thiram or mancozeb and other agents to treat seeds.

In order to control soft rot, ② can use agricultural antibiotic 751 with 1% to 1.5% seed weight or 70%DTM wettable powder with 0.2% seed weight.

Seed sowing method of Chinese cabbage

Timely sowing of Chinese cabbage is very important. Choosing a suitable sowing time to meet the needs of environmental conditions in each period of cabbage is the key to a bumper harvest. The sowing method is divided into two kinds: direct seeding and seedling raising.

1. Direct seeding: direct seeding is the main cultivation method. Direct seeding is in the finished ridge or border to draw a ditch, about 1.5 cm deep, artificial sowing along the ditch, and then covering soil, suppression, seed consumption of 150 to 200 grams per mu.

2. Seedling raising: the plot with high topography, fertile and good drainage should be selected in the seedling bed. The sowing date in autumn can be 3-5 days earlier than that of direct seeding, and the seedling stage can be 20-25 days earlier. The temperature is low in winter and spring, the seedling growth is slow, and the seedling age is 40-50 days. The temperature is high in late spring and hot summer, and the seedlings grow rapidly, which takes 25 to 30 days of seedling age. When raising seedlings, appropriate protection facilities should be taken according to the local seasonal and climatic characteristics. Early-maturing cultivation in winter is suitable for sowing and seedling cultivation in high-efficiency and energy-saving solar greenhouse because of the cold winter season. Because of the low temperature in early spring, it is suitable to sow and raise seedlings in ordinary solar greenhouse. Planting in late spring and summer, due to the low temperature in the morning and evening in late spring, it is appropriate to sow and raise seedlings in the plastic arch shed and plant in the open field. Early-maturing cultivation in summer, because of the hot summer climate and rainy, it is necessary to use shady shed to lower the temperature and sow seedlings, or to cover grass and water after direct seeding, and pay attention to drainage after rain.

3. Temperature control: Chinese cabbage generally bolts and blossoms through vernalization in 2 ℃ ~ 13 ℃ after 10 to 25 days, so the lowest temperature of seedling bed in spring should be above 15 ℃, and the low temperature below 10 ℃ should be avoided as far as possible after planting. During the high temperature period in summer, we should pay attention to shading and cooling seedlings, and pay attention to watering to cool and protect seedlings. When sowing, you should pour enough bottom water to keep the bed soil moist so that the seedlings can be unearthed. Seedling separation and planting should be watered in time, especially during the high temperature period in summer, slow seedling water should be watered continuously for 1 or 2 times after planting, and 1 water should be irrigated in the next 5-7 days, which should not be flooded. Attention should be paid to drainage and waterlogging prevention in rainy season to prevent the occurrence of soft rot.