Asparagus planting technique

Asparagus, also called asparagus, asparagus, asparagus and asparagus. Asparagus contains protein, fat, calcium, iron and various vitamins. Asparagus is a valuable vegetable with delicious taste, rich nutrition and high medicinal value. It can lower blood pressure, prevent cardiovascular, urinary and lymphoid diseases, and has unique anti-cancer effect. It is a world-famous dish and medicine, and the products sell well at home and abroad. Asparagus is easy to cultivate and easy to manage. At the same time, asparagus can be harvested continuously for 10 to 15 years, growing throughout the year in the south and dormant in winter in the north. Asparagus will continue to grow in the second year. Asparagus has strong adaptability, easy cultivation and lax temperature requirements. The underground part of asparagus can withstand low temperature of-20 ℃ in soil in winter and high temperature of 35-37 ℃ in growing period. It also has the advantages of less labor, convenient management and high yield in cultivation.

Asparagus seed treatment

Before sowing, soak in 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ warm water for 3 to 5 days, change water once or twice a day, wait for the seeds to absorb enough water, mix fine sand or vermiculite, put them in a container, cover with wet towels, accelerate germination under the condition of 25 ℃, turn twice a day, and sow seeds after exposed for 5 days for 8 days.

Seedling raising technique of asparagus

Family potted plants, small garden planting friends, you can use peat soil or seedling soil plus seedling tray, seedling block plus seedling box method to raise seedlings, the thickness of the covering soil is about 2-3 cm. It is best to raise seedlings at 25-30 degrees. In agricultural production, the following methods are used:

1. Nursery bed preparation: the seedbed should choose fertile and loose sandy loam. 2500-3000 kg of rotten farm manure, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 15 kg of potash fertilizer should be applied to each mu of seedbed. Sowing with vertical border and horizontal trench, row spacing 20 cm 30 cm, plant spacing 7 cm 10 cm, eye opener, one seed per eye, 2.5 cm soil cover, and then covered with thin grass to warm and keep warm. The sowing time is from late April to early May (it is suitable for the ground temperature to pass through 10 ℃).

2. Raising seedlings in greenhouse

① nutritious soil preparation, mature farm manure 30%, peat 30%, aged furnace ash 20%, farmland soil 20% (no pesticide residues) 50 grams of diammonium phosphate per kilogram of nutritious soil.

The seedlings were raised in a ② nutrition bowl (8 × 12 cm). One seed was planted in each bowl with a depth of 2 cm, covered with soil and watered thoroughly.

According to the ③ temperature and humidity management, the suitable temperature for asparagus germination is 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, 25 ℃ after emergence, the highest temperature is not more than 30 ℃, and the lowest temperature is not less than 8 ℃. After emergence, the root system of the seedling is weak, watering in time during drought and weeding in time. 7-10 days before planting, the seedling begins to be ventilated to make it adapt to the external natural environment and reach the standard of healthy seedling. There are more than 3 aboveground stems and 5-7 underground stored roots.

Planting method of asparagus

1. Site selection: choose sandy loam with good soil quality, high topography, smooth drainage, deep soil layer and rich organic matter, PH 5.8-6.7 is suitable, and carrots and sugar beets should not be planted in the previous crop.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization: ridging 20-25 cm deep, applying 3000 kg of rotten farm manure per mu and 25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. The width of the ridge is 1.2 to 1.4 meters. 3. Planting method. The planting ditch was dug with a shovel with a depth of 30 cm and a width of 30 cm. 25 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 1500 kg of organic fertilizer were applied per mu of the ditch, mixed evenly into the ditch, then sprinkled with 10 cm thick topsoil, and the center of the ditch was slightly high. put the graded bamboo shoot seedlings into the ditch, one in each hole of the big and strong seedlings and two in each hole of the weak seedlings. Extend the root system around, the bud eyes along the trench in the same direction, arranged in a straight line, easy to manage soil cultivation and harvest. Hold the seedling with one hand, first cover a small amount of soil and compact, then cover the fine soil 4cm and 5cm, pour through the water, cover the soil 1cm and 2cm after water infiltration, prevent hardening and water evaporation, check and replant the seedlings in time 3-4 days after transplanting to prevent lack of seedlings.

Management of asparagus after planting

15 days after planting, one ploughing and weeding should be carried out to loosen the soil, aerate and preserve soil moisture, keep 60% to 70% of soil moisture, water should be properly watered after drought, and drainage ditches should be dug in the rainy season to prevent rotting roots.

The second year of asparagus planting and the following year of asparagus harvest

The main results are as follows: 1. In order to go on the market early in April, press the ridge to buckle the shed, the arch height is 30cm, the width is 40cm and 50cm, cover the plastic film, the greenhouse temperature is 25 ℃ after the bamboo shoots are produced, and ventilation is timely when the temperature is more than 30 ℃. When the outside temperature reaches 20 ℃, the greenhouse film can be removed and the bamboo shoots can be harvested at a height of 20 to 25 centimeters.

2. Harvest time: the harvest usually begins in the middle of May and is the same in subsequent years. Green asparagus requires dark green, fresh and neat color, tight tip scales, straight bamboo strips, no deformity, no insect erosion, and the appropriate harvest time is 9: 11 a.m.

3. Harvest method: cut the tender stem neatly with a special stainless steel knife, do not leave high stubble, cover it with a wet towel in the basket and put it in a cool place to prevent the aging of running water. The diseased plants with excessively fine, curved, deformed, residual branches and weak branches should be cut off in time, leaving 1 to 2 strong stems for photosynthesis, and when the height reaches 70 cm, the plant height should be controlled.

4. Fertilization: sprouting fertilizer combined with ploughing in spring, ditching can be made at 30-50 cm from the plant, and 20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu. During the long shoot period, you can top fertilize once a month, apply ternary compound fertilizer or urea 5kg per mu, watering after topdressing, and weeding in time, otherwise asparagus sprouts small, bent, fiber more aging, pick up big ridges before the rainy season and dig good drainage ditches to avoid stagnant water in the ground after autumn.

Disease and pest control of asparagus

1. Stem blight

[symptoms] during the onset of the disease, infiltrative brown spots appear on the main stem 30 cm from the ground, and then become light green to grayish brown, and expand into a prism at the same time, and most of the spots can be connected into strips. The lesion has a reddish-brown edge, a slight depression in the middle, and a dense needle-like black dot above. If the edge of the air drought spot is clear, it will no longer expand into a chronic type of disease spot. If it is wet in the air, overcast and rain, the disease spot can expand and spread rapidly, causing the upper branches to die. When the disease occurs on branchlets and leaves, it first shows faded spots, then the edges become purplish red, gray-white in the middle and bear small black spots. Due to the rapid expansion and encirclement of the branchlets, it is easy to break or lodge, and the interior of the stem is gray and rough, resulting in death.

[condition of onset] the disease is caused by fungi. It spreads quickly under rainy and windy conditions, and Rain Water splashing can also be contagious. Air infection is the main cause of the disease in a large area. the direction of field spread and the rapid incidence of disease are often affected by the wind. In addition, low-lying terrain, heavy clay, too much nitrogen fertilizer, etc., are easy to aggravate the attack of the disease.

[control method] ① chooses the area with high dry terrain and good drainage to cultivate. ② cleans the countryside, cuts off diseased stems, irrigates or buries deeply. ③ covered with plastic film in the field to control nitrogen fertilizer and prevent overgrowth. ④ chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, 70% methyl topiramate 800 × 1000 times solution, 1 rig 1 rig 240 Bordeaux solution, and 50% desenamium 1000 times solution were sprayed 2 times every 7 days and 10 days.

2. Brown spot

[symptoms] there were a large number of small reddish brown disease spots on the branches and leaves; with the gradual expansion of the disease spot, it first became light brown in the central part, and then turned to gray, followed by a mildew layer with purple-brown wheel lines and a yellow halo on the outer edge of the disease spot. Most oval plaques are enlarged and connected to form irregular plaques. If the disease spot is surrounded by the stem, the upper branch and stem will dry up. When the weather is wet, white mold can be produced, so that the leaves fall off in the early stage, and the plant growth declines rapidly.

[condition of onset] the disease is caused by fungi, transmitted by air, and is serious under high temperature conditions.

[control method] same stem blight.

3. Sclerotinia disease

[symptoms] most of the young stems fall ill near the ground, fade first and then turn brown, and then give birth to black mouse fecal sclerotia.

[condition of onset] the disease is caused by fungi.

[control method] same stem blight.

4. Root rot

[symptoms] after the onset of the disease, the cortex at the base of the stem rotted and the absorbing root was destroyed, which led to the yellowing of the main stem and plant decay.

[disease conditions] the disease is caused by fungi and is caused by a variety of pathogens. It is mainly transmitted by soil.

[control method] when the seedlings were planted, the roots were soaked in the solution of 400-500 times of the effective components for 15 minutes.

5. Blight

[symptoms] A reddish and purplish spot was formed slightly above the ground at the seedling stage, resulting in the death of the whole plant. When picking bamboo shoots, the wound can also be infected, and in severe cases, the whole plant dies.

[control methods] the same root rot.

6. Rust

[symptoms] harm the stems and leaves. There are orange rust spots in summer, and orange powder is scattered after the epidermis is ruptured. There are dark brown spots in autumn. As a result, the pseudo-leaves will fall off in the early stage, and in severe cases, the whole plant will change color and die.

[condition of onset] the disease is caused by fungi. The disease is easy to occur with moist air and poor ventilation.

[control methods] ① uses disease-resistant varieties, such as Mary Washington, etc. ② cleans the countryside and does a good job of ventilation and drainage. ③ chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, the 800-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil and the 800-fold solution of 50% chlorothalonil can be sprayed.

7. Insect pests

Asparagus pests are mainly caused by underground pests such as grubs, mole crickets, species flies, golden needles and so on. The poisonous soil made of 25% trichlorfon powder and 5 times fine soil can be sprinkled in the field, or mixed with 30 times of 90% trichlorfon on wheat or bean cake, removed in the field as poison bait, and sprayed with 800 times of 80% dichlorvos emulsion when fertilizing.