Spinach planting technique

Spinach can be divided into 5 varieties: stubble spinach, countersunk spinach, spring spinach, summer spinach and autumn spinach. Spring spinach can be sowed when the temperature rises above 5OC after spring. March is the right time for sowing. 30-50 days after sowing, varieties should choose spring and autumn leaves with late bolting and hypertrophic leaves, Shenyang round leaves, Liaoning round leaves and so on. Let's take a look at spinach planting techniques.

The growing environment of spinach

1. Temperature: spinach is a cold-tolerant vegetable, the seeds can germinate at 4 ℃, the optimum temperature for vegetative growth is 15-20 ℃, the suitable temperature for vegetative growth is 15-20 ℃, the growth is poor above 25 ℃, and the aboveground can withstand the low temperature of minus 6-8 ℃.

2. Sunshine: spinach is a long-day crop, which is easy to sprout and blossom under the condition of high temperature and long sunshine, and can be intercropped with high-stem crops.

3. Moisture: spinach has large leaf area, tender tissue and high requirement for moisture. It has plenty of water, thick meat when growing vigorously, high yield and good quality. Under the conditions of high temperature and long sunshine and drought, the vegetative growth is inhibited, the reproductive growth is accelerated, and the immature bolting is easy.

4. Soil: spinach has strong adaptability to soil, but it is still better to preserve water and fertility in fertile soil. Spinach is not resistant to acid, and the suitable pH is 7.3 Murray 8.2. Spinach is a leafy vegetable, which needs more nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Planting techniques of spring spinach

The key to planting spring spinach is to strive for early sowing and prevent early bolting.

1. Selection of varieties: round-leaf spinach with late bolting is suitable for spring spinach.

2, soaking seeds to promote germination: in order to accelerate seedling emergence, soak the seeds in cold water for 12-24 hours before sowing, poke them up and down with a bamboo broom, pierce the pericarp, remove and place them under 15-20 ℃ to accelerate germination (the thickness of the seeds is about 15 cm, cover with wet sacks to keep moist) for 3-5 days after the radicle is exposed.

3. Sowing: the seeds can be sown when the daily average temperature reaches 4-5 ℃. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, sow seeds by wet sowing method, and sow 5-6 kg per mu.

4. Field management: early management is mainly to preserve soil moisture, less irrigation and light irrigation to prevent the temperature from being too low. After 2-3 true leaves, the plant enters the period of vigorous growth, and water and fertilizer should keep up to prevent early bolting.

Planting techniques of summer spinach

1. Seed selection and germination: varieties such as round-leaf spinach or big-leaf spinach with high heat resistance, easy germination and strong disease resistance are selected. First break the shell and soak the seeds for 12-24 hours, then put them in a well or in a freezer under 2-4 ℃ for low temperature germination. It can also be spread out in a cool place after soaking seeds (rinse with clean water once a day to remove mucus to prevent mildew), turn frequently and keep moist. Generally, seeds can be germinated and sown after 4-5 days.

2. Sowing at the right time: generally, it is more suitable to sow from mid-May to early June. The sowing rate in the high temperature period should be appropriately increased to 10-15 kg per mu. In order to facilitate the seeds to be unearthed, harvested one after another and prolong the supply period, two wet seeds soaked in seeds and one dry seed can also be used to evenly mix and sow seeds. Before sowing, select sandy loam with good drainage, then combine ploughing and applying sufficient base fertilizer (1500-2000 kg per mu of rotten high-quality manure). Dig a ditch to build a bed the day before sowing, usually 2 meters wide, irrigate enough bottom water, and water once a day in the morning and evening before emergence.

3. Fine management. For spinach sown before "White Dew", it is best to cover the ground with aquatic plants after sowing, and shade can be set up under certain conditions, and the mulch can be removed immediately after emergence. During the growth period and after each spinach harvest, we should apply rotten dilute dung water in time, adhere to small fertilizer and heavy water, water lightly and frequently, often keep the soil moist, and reduce moisture and prevent disease in rainy season.

After watching the planting techniques of spring spinach and summer spinach, let's take a look at the planting techniques of autumn spinach and winter spinach.

Planting techniques of autumn spinach

1. Determine the suitable sowing time: autumn spinach is generally sown in early August and harvested from October to November. The yield per mu can reach about 2000 kg. The sowing date can be flexibly controlled according to the local climate and soil fertility. If the sowing is too early, the plant is easy to show overgrowth and premature senescence; if the sowing is too late, the plant is not big enough and the economic benefit is poor.

2, and time seedling weeding: when sowing, you can sow according to the distance of 10-15 cm, or you can spread it. When 2-3 leaves emerge, the seedling spacing should be 4-6 cm, and the density should be suitable, which is beneficial to the growth of single plant and increase the yield per unit area.

3. Strengthen fertilizer and water management: spinach needs more nitrogen fertilizer, but it should also be combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Before sowing, 2000-3000 kg per mu of fine dry manure is applied as base fertilizer, once after inter-seedling topdressing, and 10-15 kg / mu of nitrogen fertilizer. The second fertilization was carried out when the plant grew to 5-6 leaves, 20 kg nitrogen fertilizer per mu and 100 kg plant ash per mu, watering after topdressing, watering once in 6-7 days during drought, and the watering interval was longer with the decrease of air temperature in late October, and the amount of water should not be too large.

4. Timely harvest: the harvest time of spinach can be flexibly controlled according to the growth situation and market demand.

Planting techniques of winter spinach

1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer: the growth period of overwintering spinach is longer, in order to prevent de-fertilization, base fertilizer must be sufficient. Generally, organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potash fertilizer can be applied deeply at one time, and then the land can be prepared to make beds.

2. Nitrogen control before winter: the standard of fertilizer and water management before overwintering is to ensure that spinach grows 4-5 true leaves before overwintering, so as to enhance the cold resistance of spinach, and it is easy to suffer frost injury if it is too big or too small. Therefore, if the sowing date is appropriate and the basic fertilizer is sufficient, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled before overwintering, so as to prevent the seedlings from growing and suffering frost damage due to less dry matter accumulation; if sowing is too late or the soil fertility is insufficient, we can consider applying appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to promote seedling growth and ensure spinach overwintering at a suitable seedling age.

3. Turning green and topdressing: for the fertilizer and water management of overwintering spinach after turning green, we should seize the opportunity to topdressing at the right time. Topdressing is often applied with watering, usually twice in mid-late March and early April. If the topdressing is too early, the soil temperature is low, which will affect the slow seedling growth; if the topdressing is too late, the lack of fertility will delay the growth of spinach. In short, topdressing after overwintering must be carried out before spinach bolting, which can delay the bolting and flowering of spinach and improve the yield and quality of spinach.

4. Use ammonia nitrogen fertilizer cautiously. Spinach is sensitive to ammonia nitrogen. The growth season of overwintering spinach is in the alternation of autumn, winter and spring, the soil temperature is low and the nitrification of soil is weak. Therefore, it is best to use it with caution or not.

Disease and pest control of spinach

1. Aphids: spray with 1000 times of dimethoate or 2000-3000 times of aldicarb.

2. Leaf miner: spray with 1000 times of 50% phoxim EC or 1000 times of 80% trichlorfon powder.

3. Downy mildew: spray with 58% Redomir 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil 600 times.

4. Anthrax: spray control with 50% thiophanate methyl 500 times or 50% carbendazim 700 times.