Planting techniques of hericium Erinaceus

Artificial cutting and cultivation of hericium Erinaceus has formed different degrees of scale in various places. The outstanding problem is that although flea production can reach the standard, there are not many high-grade products, which reduces the commodity value and affects the economic benefits of producers. If you want to produce high-grade hericium Erinaceus, you should pay attention to the following links. Let's take a look at the planting technology of hericium Erinaceus.

Planting schedule

Hericium Erinaceus belongs to medium temperature bacteria and low temperature fruiting type fungi. The mycelial growth temperature is 10 ℃ ~ 33 ℃ and the optimum temperature is 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃. The growth of fruiting body was 12 ℃ ~ 24 ℃, and the optimum was 16 ℃ ~ 20 ℃. The fruiting body grew slowly above 25 ℃ and turned red when it was lower than 12 ℃. According to its biological characteristics, the best production season to adapt to the natural temperature should be inoculated with the Autumn Equinox (late September), and Lesser Snow (late November) should produce one or two batches of mushrooms, and then another batch of mushrooms should be produced in the next spring.

The mountain area can also be inoculated in early spring in January, heated to culture, and grow mushrooms from March to April.

Culture medium configuration

According to the substrate conditions of pollution-free edible fungi, the cultivation raw materials shall be fresh, mildew-free and deteriorated, and shall not contain toxic and harmful hyphae, and the content of additives shall not exceed 5%, which is a more reasonable formula:

1. Miscellaneous sawdust 4%, cottonseed shell 40%, wheat bran 18%, sucrose 1%, gypsum powder 1%.

2. Cottonseed hull 82%, wheat bran 15%, gypsum powder 2%, phosphate fertilizer 1%.

3. Cottonseed hull 38%, sawdust 20%, Tremella trash 20%, wheat bran 16%, corn meal 3%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum powder 2%. The water content of the formula is about 60%, and pH6 is suitable before sterilization.

The size of the cultivation bag is 12.3 cm × 52 cm in spring and 13.5 cm × 56 cm in autumn. Bagging, sterilization and cooling are routine.

High quality maternal cultivation

Hericium Erinaceus bags usually have 3 or 4 inoculation points, and in order to prevent "disease from entering through the mouth", the "three requirements" should be strictly met during vaccination:

1. The bag temperature should be below 28 ℃ before inoculation.

2. The bacteria should be pretreated, that is, the aged hyphae on the surface and the verrucous or coral fruiting bodies have been scraped off.

3. Choose sunny night or early morning inoculation, the vaccination is carried out strictly according to the aseptic operation. After inoculation, the bag can be full after about 20-25 days from mycelium germination to mycelium culture.

In management, the temperature was mainly adjusted. In the first 4 days after inoculation, 26 ℃ ~ 28 ℃ should be used in indoor greenhouse to speed up feeding, colonization and spread of hyphae in the most suitable environment, resulting in advantages and reducing miscellaneous bacteria pollution. Within 15 days, with the development of mycelium, the temperature in the bag increased, and the bag temperature was 2 ℃ higher than the room temperature. At this time, the room temperature should be adjusted to about 25 ℃. After 16 days, the hyphae gradually entered the peak period of metabolism, which should be controlled at 20 ℃ ~ 23 ℃. The temperature of cultivation in spring is low, so heating can be adopted to promote the normal growth and development of hyphae. Pay attention to prevent high temperature in autumn, indoor dry culture is required during the bacterial period, air relative humidity is less than 70%, and pay attention to avoid light.

Directional mushroom induction

Hericium Erinaceus is an aerobic fungus, the cultivation place requires fresh air, and the field mushroom shed is ideal. After about 25 days of indoor cultivation, the mycelium matured, and then changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Hericium Erinaceus usually begins to show primordia and differentiate into fruiting bodies before the mycelium is full. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to observation, move the bacterial bag to the field in the wild shed in time, and scratch the surface of the original strain block to induce the orientation and neat emergence of mushrooms. there are three common ways to set the field:

The main results are as follows: 1. Build 4-5 layers for intensive three-dimensional cultivation.

2. Build the frame on the first floor and discharge 2 bags. 1 bag lying on the ground, the mouth of the hole facing up, 1 bag lying on the shelf, the mouth of the hole downward.

3. Simulate the cultivation of Lentinus edodes in the open field, lean against the bag, or build ridges on both sides, the single bag is placed flat, and the mouth of the hole is down.

Compared with the above three ways, the first one, the space utilization rate is high, forming three-dimensional, but the moisture retention is poor, it is easy to form bald mushroom and atrophic mushroom. The latter two kinds of mushroom bodies form spiny hairs, and the color is whiter. Because the bristles of hericium Erinaceus have obvious "geopotential" growth, but in the rainy season, when there is stagnant water in the border bed and poor ventilation, rotten mushrooms are easy to appear. Lean on the bag out of the mushroom period, do not easily invert the bacterial bag, otherwise cause spiny hair not homeopathic growth, into deformed mushrooms.

Planting environment control

In order to obtain high-grade products of hericium Erinaceus, the management of the following aspects must be strengthened in the stage of growing mushrooms:

The main results are as follows: 1. Adjust the temperature: after the bag is put into the field, the temperature of the original stage should be reduced to the optimum temperature of 16 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ for budding. In a suitable temperature environment, from small buds to mushrooms, it can be harvested in 10 to 12 days. When the temperature exceeds 23 ℃, the fruiting body develops slowly, which will cause the stalk to proliferate continuously, and the mushroom body will become cauliflower-like deformed mushroom, or skinhead mushroom without spiny hair. More than 25 ℃ will also cause mushroom body atrophy. Therefore, in the stage of mushroom emergence, special attention should be paid to controlling the temperature. If the temperature exceeds the prescribed temperature, four measures can be taken: ① space to increase atomized water. ② furrow irrigation humidification. The shade cover of ③ was thickened. ④ staggered the ventilation time and carried out the film opening ventilation in the morning and evening. Open both ends of the cover at noon to make the air flow smoothly. Create a suitable temperature to promote the smooth growth of young buds.

2. Strengthen ventilation: hericium Erinaceus is a kind of aerobic fungus, if poor ventilation, excessive carbon dioxide deposition, stimulate continuous branching of the stalk and inhibit the development of the central part, coral-shaped deformed mushrooms will appear. Under this kind of saturated humidity and still air, it is more likely to become deformed mushroom body, or mixed bacteria reproduction pollution. For this reason, the film should be ventilated for 30 minutes at 8 am every day, and the fruiting body should be ventilated in the morning and evening every day when it grows up, and the ventilation time should be extended appropriately. But avoid the wind blowing directly on the mushroom body, so as not to shrink.

3. Humidity control: moisture must be managed scientifically during the growth and development of fruiting body, and different amounts of water should be sprayed according to different conditions, such as mushroom size, surface color, sunny climate and so on. Mushroom small do not spray, especially the mouth of the hole down the bag or the ground bag, the use of wet enough, generally do not spray water. If the climate is dry, you can store water shallowly in the furrow and let the water evaporate on the mushroom body. Whether the humidity is appropriate can be observed from the bristles. If the bristles are fresh and white, the elasticity is strong, indicating that the humidity is suitable. If the mushroom body is yellow, the prickles are not obvious, and the growth speed is slow, it is the lack of humidity, so it is necessary to spray water to humidify. Water spraying must be combined with ventilation to make the air fresh and the fruiting body thrive. However, it is necessary to strictly prevent excessive spraying of water blindly, resulting in mildew of the fruiting body. The cultivation site must create an air relative humidity suitable for 85% to 90%. Young mushrooms are sensitive to space humidity, and if less than 70%, the differentiated fruiting bodies stop growing. Even if the growth resumes after humidification, permanent marks remain on the surface of the mushroom body. If it is higher than 95%, coupled with poor ventilation, it is easy to cause miscellaneous bacteria pollution, to create appropriate humidity can be taken:

① furrow irrigation to increase ground wetness.

② spray head upside down, space spray.

③ covers the bed tightly and moisturizes with plastic film.

④ young bud stage shelf layer cultivation, can be covered with wet gauze or newspaper to increase humidity.

4. Moderate illumination: during the growing period, there should be scattered light, usually 300 to 600 lux. The field shed mastered "one-third of yang and seven points of yin, flowers and sunlight" to meet the growth needs of fruiting bodies.

Harvesting management

Hericium Erinaceus usually lasts 10-12 days from the emergence of the buds to the maturity of the fruiting body. Some can mature 8 or 10 days ahead of time. Signs of maturity: the mushroom body is white, the spines are rough, and the spores begin to eject, accumulating a thin layer of white powder on the surface of the bag. According to the requirements of hericium Erinaceus market, the maturity of harvest is slightly different. Hericium Erinaceus, which is used as a dish fresh-keeping or salinized processing, is best harvested when the spines have not yet extended, or have been formed but not more than 0.5 cm in length, and have not yet released a large number of spores. At this time, the color is white, the flavor is delicious and pure, and there is no bitterness or slight bitterness. If hericium Erinaceus is used as a medicinal hericium Erinaceus, with dehydration and drying as a commodity, the maturity of the fruiting body can be prolonged, and it is better to harvest about 1 cm of spines.

Hericium Erinaceus can generally be harvested in 3 batches and some in 4 batches, but the first 1-2 batches have high yield and high grade, accounting for 80% of the total output. The cultivation of regenerated mushrooms is to stop spraying water for 3 days after the first batch of mushrooms are harvested. And uncover the film and ventilate for 12 hours, so that the mushroom root surface shrinks after harvest to prevent mildew. Then the temperature was adjusted to 23 ℃ ~ 25 ℃ to make the mycelium accumulate nutrients. The primordium appeared in about 5 days, and the young buds formed in about 10 days. At this time, the temperature was reduced to 16 ℃ ~ 20 ℃, the air humidity was increased to about 90%, and the fruiting body grew healthily. The whole production cycle ends in 60-70 days under normal temperature conditions, and the bioconversion rate is generally 90%-100%.