What are the common types of edible fungi?

What are the kinds of edible fungi? Can you distinguish all their pictures clearly? When it comes to edible mushrooms, many friends may think of Lentinus edodes, fungus, Tremella fuciformis and hericium Erinaceus. Indeed, these edible fungi are usually we are more frequent contact and familiar with. But there are many kinds of edible fungi, and how much do you know about others?

There are many kinds of edible mushrooms, including Lentinus edodes, fungus, straw mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, Xiuzhen mushroom, Flammulina velutipes, apricot abalone mushroom, tea tree mushroom, Tremella, hericium Erinaceus, boletus, red mushroom, bamboo shoot, mouth mushroom, matsutake mushroom (matsutake), Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis and so on. Usually relatively rare types of edible fungi are: Morchella, saddle fungus, truffles and so on.

Lentinus edodes

Lentinus edodes, also known as flower mushroom, hericium Erinaceus, mushroom, incense, mushroom, is the fruiting body of mushroom of Pleurotus ostreatus. Lentinus edodes is the second largest edible mushroom in the world, and it is also one of the specialties in China. It is known as "Shanzhen" among the people. It is a fungus that grows on wood. The taste is delicious, the aroma is delicious and the nutrition is rich. Lentinus edodes is rich in vitamin B group, iron, potassium, provitamin D (converted to vitamin D after the sun), sweet and flat. The main treatment is loss of appetite, lack of energy and lack of energy.

Lentinus edodes, known as "the king of Shanzhen", is a nutritious and health food with high protein and low fat. Chinese medical scientists of all ages have famous expositions on Lentinus edodes. With the in-depth study of modern medicine and nutrition, the medicinal value of Lentinus edodes has been explored. The content of ergosterol in Lentinus edodes is very high, which is effective for the prevention and treatment of rickets; lentinan (β ~ 1 ~ 3 glucan) can enhance cellular immunity and thus inhibit the growth of cancer cells; Lentinus edodes contains more than 40 kinds of enzymes, which can correct human enzyme deficiency; the fatty acids in the fat of Lentinus edodes are beneficial to reduce blood lipids.

Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula grows mainly in China and Japan. Most of China is Auricularia auricula in Northeast China and Qinling Mountains. Among them, Sichuan Tongjiang black fungus is the best, which has been praised as a sacred product since ancient times. It has been offered to the palace many times and was personally inspected and investigated by Prime Minister Wen Jiabao in 2005. Auricularia auricula can be cultivated either in the wild or artificially. The seed body is auriculate, leafy or cup-shaped, thin, wavy at the edge, 3-10 cm wide and 2 mm thick, fixed on the substrate with a short lateral stalk or narrow attachment. The color is black and brown, the texture is soft and gelatinous, thin and elastic, translucent when wet, and brittle and hard horny similar to leathery when dry. Delicious, vegetarian and nutritious.

Auricularia auricula tastes sweet, flat, and has many medicinal effects. It can replenish qi and strengthen the body, invigorate blood circulation, prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia, nourish blood in the face, make the skin ruddy and glowing, dredge the intestines and stomach, lubricate the intestines, and help patients with hypertension.

Straw mushroom

Straw mushroom originated from Nanhua Temple in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province. It was artificially cultivated in China 300 years ago and was introduced into the world by overseas Chinese in the 1930s. It is an important tropical and subtropical mushroom and the third largest cultivated edible fungus in the world. The output of straw mushroom in China ranks first in the world, mainly distributed in South China. Straw mushroom is nutritious and delicious. Each 100g fresh mushroom contains 207.7mg vitamin C, 2.6 g sugar, 2.68 g crude protein, 2.24 g fat and 0.91 g ash. Volvariella volvacea protein contains 18 kinds of amino acids, of which essential amino acids account for 40.47-44.47%. In addition, it also contains a variety of mineral elements such as phosphorus, potassium, calcium and so on.

Straw mushroom gets its name because it often grows in wet and rotten straw and is mainly produced in Guangdong and Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi and Taiwan. Fat, thick meat, short handle, smooth, delicious, so it is known as "orchid mushroom" and "delicious foot mushroom".

Red mushroom

Red mushroom flavor is unique, fragrant and refreshing. It tastes sweeter than any mushroom, and contains a variety of essential amino acids and other ingredients. It can treat tumors, especially lung tumors, waist and leg soreness, numbness of hands and feet, discomfort of muscles and bones, convulsions of limbs and tonifying blood, nourishing yin, cooling and detoxification, and treating diseases such as anemia, edema, malnutrition and excessive maternal hemorrhage. it also has the effect of increasing immunity and anti-cancer, which can make people's skin moist, energetic, prolong life and prolong life.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the local government sent a batch of red mushrooms to Kyoto to pay tribute before the Mid-Autumn Festival.

Pleurotus eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, is a new variety of rare edible fungus which has been successfully developed and cultivated in recent years. There are many products of Pleurotus eryngii in the market, such as Pleurotus eryngii-Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii extract, instant Pleurotus eryngii small packaging, independent packaging of Pleurotus eryngii and so on.

Pleurotus eryngii is rich in nutrition, rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc, which can improve human immune function and has anti-cancer, hypolipidemic, gastrointestinal and cosmetic effects.

Hericium Erinaceus

Hericium Erinaceus, also known as hericium Erinaceus, gets its name only because it looks like hericium Erinaceus. Hericium Erinaceus, hericium Erinaceus and hericium Erinaceus are Chinese traditional valuable dishes with tender meat, delicious taste and delicious taste. It is one of the four famous dishes (hericium Erinaceus, bear paw, bird's nest and shark's fin). It is known as "Shanzhen hericium Erinaceus, seafood shark's fin".

The fungus of dental family, its fruiting body is round and thick, white when fresh, from light yellow to light brown after drying, the base is narrow or slightly short handle, the upper part is dilated, the diameter is 3.5 to 10 cm, it looks like golden hericium from a distance, it is called "hericium Erinaceus", it is also like hedgehog, so it is called "hedgehog". Hericium Erinaceus is a delicious mountain treasure, fresh and tender meat, mellow and delicious, known as "vegetarian meat".

Boletus

Boletus is the general name of Boleaceae and Boletus Matsuta and other fungi, which are wild and edible mushroom fungi, except a few species are poisonous or bitter and can not be eaten, most of them are edible.

Boletus mainly includes white, yellow and black boletus. Boletus Boletus is delicious and nutritious. It is a famous edible fungus in the world because of its large cell, thick meat, thick stalk, sweet and delicious taste and rich nutrition. People of all ethnic groups in Yunnan Province like to collect fresh bacteria for cooking. Western European countries also have the habit of widely eating boletus. In addition to fresh dishes, most of the slices are dried and processed into a variety of small packages, which are used to prepare soups or make soy sauce extracts, as well as salted foods. Yunnan Province began to export boletus boletus in 1973, which was sold to Western Europe and was so popular that supply fell short of demand.

Dictyophora

Dictyophora is a kind of cryptic fungus parasitic on the root of withered bamboo, which is slightly similar to reticulated dry white snakeskin. It has dark green cap, snow-white cylindrical stalk, pink egg-shaped fungal receptacle. At the top of the fungal stalk, there is a fine white reticular skirt spread down from the fungus cover, which is known as "snow skirt fairy", "mountain precious flower", "fungal flower", "fungus queen". Dictyophora has been listed as one of the "eight treasures of grass" since ancient times because of its rich nutrition, rich flavor and delicious taste.

Dictyophora is distributed in many countries in the world, such as Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, the Philippines, North Korea, the United States, Cuba, Brazil, Britain, France, the Soviet Union, Mexico, Australia, East Africa and so on. Dictyophora is also widely distributed in China, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Xizang, Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan, but the varieties of Dictyophora are not the same, among which the southwest provinces are widely distributed, and the quality of edible varieties is also better.

Mushroom

Tricholoma is a kind of wild mushroom of the genus Umbrella growing on the Mongolian grassland. it generally grows in places with sheep bones or sheep dung, and its taste is extremely delicious, because the native products of Mongolian mushrooms were previously exported to the mainland through Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. Zhangjiakou is the distribution center of Mongolian goods, so it is called "mouth mushroom". Due to the low output and high demand, it is still the most expensive mushroom in the Chinese market.

The main producing areas of Tricholoma are Dongwu Banner, Xiwu Banner and Abaga Banner, Hulunbuir City, Tongliao and other grassland areas. This kind of mushroom is usually shipped to Zhangjiakou for processing and then sold to the mainland. As Mongolian native products were previously exported to the mainland through Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou is the distribution center of Mongolian goods, so it is called "mushroom". Due to the low output and high demand, it is still the most expensive mushroom in the Chinese market. When Guo Moruo visited Zhangjiakou in 1958, he wrote a poem praising mushrooms: "the name of mushrooms is all over the world. I don't know why it is called 'mushrooms'." Originally produced in Zhangjiakou, there are many mushrooms in the mouth. " The poet told the origin of the name mushroom.

Tricholoma matsutake

Tricholoma matsutake, the scientific name of Tricholoma matsutake, also known as Tricholoma matsutake, belongs to basidiomycetes subphylum, Tricholoma matsutake, Tricholoma matsu Tricholoma matsutake grows in dry woodlands with few nutrients, usually in autumn, and is usually parasitic on the roots of Pinus koraiensis, Pinus elliottii, hemlock and Japanese hemlock. The main antler-producing areas in China are Shangri-La antler-producing area, Chuxiong antler-producing area and Yanbian antler-producing area, among which Shangri-La antler-producing area accounts for 70% of the country's total output and is the champion of Tricholoma matsutake export for 30 consecutive years.

Tricholoma matsutake is a kind of pure natural rare and precious edible fungus, which is known as "the king of bacteria". It is said that after the atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima in August 1945, the only surviving multicellular microorganism was Tricholoma matsutake, which cannot be artificially cultivated in the world at present. It grows in alpine woodland above 3500 meters above sea level in the cold temperate zone. In the Song Dynasty, "Classic and Historical evidence of urgent Materia Medica" was recorded. It has been proved that Tricholoma matsutake is rich in protein, 18 kinds of amino acids, 14 kinds of essential trace elements, 49 kinds of active nutrients, 5 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids, nucleic acid derivatives, peptides and other rare elements. It also contains three precious active substances, namely, double-stranded Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharides, Tricholoma matsutake peptides and Tricholoma Alcohol, a unique anticancer substance in the world, which is the most precious natural medicinal fungus in the world. Tricholoma matsutake is collected and eaten from early August to mid-October in autumn. It has a special fragrance and tastes like abalone, extremely lubricated and refreshing.

Tricholoma matsutake is regarded as a "god fungus" in Japan. The Japanese are used to eating matsutake cuisine in autumn, believing in "tonifying shape", which has the functions of strengthening essence and tonifying kidney, brain and intelligence and anti-cancer.

Morel

Morchella is also called Morchella, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tricholoma matsutake. It is used for food stagnation, abdominal distension, phlegm and reverse asthma cough. Morchella, also known as Morchella, Tricholoma, also known as grass bamboo, is a precious edible and medicinal fungus. Morchella was discovered in 1818. Its structure is similar to that of disk bacteria, and the upper part is folded and reticulated, resembling both a beehive and a sheep tripe, hence the name. The yield of Morchella is particularly high in the two to three years after the wildfire, so pickers in North America collect Morchella according to the wildfire. However, when the fire is under control, its growth will decrease year after year in the same area.

Morchella consists of a belly-shaped fertile cephalic cap and a sterile stalk. There is a reticulate rib seed layer on the surface of the cap, and the edge is connected to the stalk. The stalk is cylindrical, hollow, smooth or grooved. Morchella is the most famous delicious edible fungus among ascomycetes. Its cap contains seven essential amino acids: isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine.

Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus was originally a kind of wild mushroom growing in the high mountain and dense forest area of Guangchang, Jiangxi Province. Is a set of high protein, low fat, low sugar, health food therapy in one of the pure natural pollution-free edible fungi. The optimized and improved tea tree mushroom has crisp tender stalk, pure and fragrant taste and excellent taste. It can be cooked into a variety of delicacies. Its nutritional value exceeds that of other edible fungi such as Lentinus edodes. It belongs to high-grade edible fungi.

Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly distributed in the north temperate zone and also in the subtropics, but it is rare in the tropics, and the extremely cold and hot climate conditions are not suitable for development. Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated according to the general culture method of wood-rot fungi.

There are so many kinds of edible fungi in the world that it is difficult to list them all. The kinds and pictures of these edible fungi shared with you above are quite common.