Construction skills of greenhouse

Greenhouse is also called greenhouse, such as glass greenhouse, plastic greenhouse, etc., the structure of greenhouse should be sealed and insulated, but it should be convenient for ventilation and cooling. Modern greenhouse has equipment to control temperature, humidity, light and other conditions. Use computer automatic control to create the best environmental conditions for plants. Below, the editor of Qiannong Network will introduce to you the construction skills of greenhouse.

1. Land leveling and laying-out: according to the designed plan of the solar greenhouse, the azimuth of the greenhouse is determined, the four corners of the greenhouse are determined, the hidden piles are driven at the four corners of the greenhouse, and then the positions of the gables and back walls are determined.

2. Building a wall: the soil used to build an earth wall can use the soil on the outside of the back wall of the greenhouse, or the soil below the plough layer can be cultivated in the front of the greenhouse. If you use the secluded soil in front of the greenhouse, you can dig out the plough layer (about 25 cm thick), put it aside, and water the raw soil at the bottom. A day later, dig the raw soil to make an earthen wall. First splint according to the thickness of the earth wall, fill in the newly dug wet soil, with soil ramming or electric tamping, each layer of about 20 cm, tamping one layer, and then make the second layer until the required height is reached. The gable and the back wall should be made together and cannot be divided into parts. only in this way can they be strong. If the viscosity of the soil is not enough, it can be mixed with wheat straw. In some areas, the soil viscosity is so low that the wall can not be built by tamping. At this time, a certain amount of wheat straw and mud can be mixed into the soil to make adobe. After the adobe is dry, sleep on the adobe wall. When building a wall, the adobe should be strictly blocked with grass mud, and the inside and outside of the wall should also be covered with grass mud. Brick wall construction should first tamp the foundation, and then can build the wall, construction should be full of mortar, hook good brick seams, good ash surface, inside and outside the wall should be plastered to avoid air leakage. The voids between the layers of the brick wall should not be too large or too small. Generally speaking, the width of the hollow is between 5 and 8 centimeters. Hollow can not stay in the end, every 3-4 meters, with bricks to connect each layer, in order to improve the firmness of the wall. The hollow wall can be filled with slag, perlite and wheat straw, or nothing can be added. The hollow wall with only air insulation and no filling must be free of cracks. When the brick is open and sealed, it is best to use mud bran to seal the top 30 cm, so that the back wall and the back roof connect closely to improve the thermal insulation performance.

3. Buried columns and roof trusses: according to the drawings, determine the position of each column and mark it with lime. Dig a pit 30-40 cm deep, use stone as the foot of the column to prevent the column from sinking, and then install the digging head on the back column, the tail frame on the back wall or on the rear auxiliary post, and put 3-4 tracks on the post. The ridges are connected in a straight line, and the others are placed in a straight line. in order to prevent it from slipping, a small piece of wood can be nailed to the "lower" to hold the purlin. Some greenhouses only use pillars to support the ridges.

4. covering the rear roof: cover the purlin or rafters with a layer of waste plastic film, and put bundles of corn stalks on the film, the direction of which is perpendicular to the purlins or rafters. Then spread wheat straw or rice straw on the corn straw, and then spread a layer of plastic film on it, and spread straw mud on it. The rear roof is composed of straw and wheat straw wrapped in two layers of plastic film, which is like a quilt cover, and its thermal insulation performance is much higher than that of the ordinary back roof without plastic film. After the rear roof is covered, use grass mud to tighten the connection between the inside of the rear roof and the back wall of the greenhouse.

5. Dig a cold-proof ditch: dig a cold-proof ditch 20 cm wide and 40 cm deep in front of the greenhouse.

6. the buried anchor and the pressing wire of the rear roof fix the lead wire: place a No. 8 lead wire equal to the length of the greenhouse at the bottom of the cold-proof ditch, and there is a ground anchor on it. The ground anchor is No. 8 lead wire made of iron rings at both ends. According to the arch bar spacing to be buried, every 3 meters, tie a brick or stick to the lead wire and place it between these fixtures. On the outside of the back wall of the greenhouse; dig trenches to bury the anchor according to the same method, but the distance between the anchor can be increased to 2-3 meters, and the upper ring of the anchor is exposed to the surface. On the back roof of the greenhouse, pull a No. 8 lead wire and bury both ends into the ground outside the gable of the greenhouse. When burying people, heavy objects should be tied to the head. Fix the lead wire with lead wire or nylon rope, tie one end to the lead wire and the other to the iron anchor buried outside the back wall.

7. Roof before construction: the position of the post should be adjusted back and forth after it is buried, so that the rows and rows of the posts are aligned, and the 4-meter-long bamboo slices are tied together. The length should be appropriate, one end is inserted in the cold-proof ditch, and the south side of the lower part of the cold-proof ditch is tightly topped with brick. its angle should make the arch perpendicular to the ground or slightly inclined to the south. Tie the crossbeam on the column supporting the front roof, the crossbeam is 20-30 cm away from the top of each row of columns, stand a small hanging cinnamon on the crossbeam, the upper and lower ends of the small hanging column should be perforated, respectively, use No. 8 lead wire to pass through the hole, bend the arch, one end of the small hanging column is tightly tied to the arch, and one end is supported on the crossbeam. The upper end of the arch can be inserted on the ridge. Then, constantly adjust the small hangers so that the height of the front roof is the same.

8, cover the film: the greenhouse film is two or three, with two, its width is 3 meters and 5 meters respectively, with three, its width is 2A, 4 meters, 2 meters respectively. First roll back one side of the film that is 3 meters or 2 meters wide, glue it with an adhesive or iron it into a cylinder 5 inches 6 centimeters wide, install a clay dragon rope, which is 3 meters wide and 2.5 meters from the ground, and 2 meters wide at 1.5 inches from the ground. The film is rolled into a roll, covered and tightened while filling the cold-proof ditch. The nylon rope should be tightened and buried in the gable of the greenhouse together with the film. One or two films above are also rolled into rolls, one end buried against the gable, then spread out to the other, and then buried near the gable at the end. There are two ways to fix the film near the back roof, one is to fix it directly on the ridge with bamboo and iron nails, and the other is to fix it on the ridge with bamboo and iron nails, fold it back and buckle it on the back roof. The width of the roof after the buckle is about 0.5-1 meter, the more the better, it is compacted with grass mud. This method has a better effect on improving the thermal insulation performance of the rear roof without adding waste film.

9, fixed pressure film line: after the film is covered, it should be pressed and fixed with pressure film line, which can be a special film pressing line for polypropylene greenhouse sold in the market, or can be replaced by nylon rope or iron wire, but it is best not to use it. The special laminating line is the best. First, tie one end of the film-pressing line to the No. 8 lead wire on the back roof of the greenhouse, drop it from the greenhouse, press it on the film between the two arches, and tighten the anchor ring at the lower end. The order of fixing the laminating line is first thin and then dense, first fixing several laminating lines with a large distance, and then gradually fixing a laminating line between each arch bar. Both the pressing line and the plastic film have a certain degree of elasticity, and it is necessary to fix the pressing line on the second and third day; tighten it 2-3 times to ensure that it is really pressed, and the pressed front roof film is wavy.

10. Straw and paper quilt: the paper is made of 4-6 layers of Kraft paper, the straw is made of rice straw or cattail straw, the width of the straw is 1.2-1.3 meters, the width of the straw is 1.5-1.6 meters, and the length is subject to covering the front roof of the greenhouse. In the absence of paper cover, it can cover two layers of grass or increase the overlap between the grass. Each piece of grass is pulled and placed with two nylon ropes that are twice or slightly longer than the length of the grass, and the two ends of each rope are fixed at the side of one end of the grass to form two rings to trap the grass. Pull two ropes on the surface of the grass to roll it up or unfold it on the front roof of the greenhouse. The rolled grass grasses are staggered or placed in front and back on the back roof. in order to prevent the grass grass from falling, block a stone or two or three bricks behind each roll of grass grass.

11. treatment of the population: the solar greenhouse can leave the door at the east gable of the greenhouse, the door should be as small as possible, the thermal insulation room should be built outside the door, and the door curtain should be hung inside and outside the door. Generally, the door should not be left at the west gable or back wall of the greenhouse.