Planting techniques of organic vegetables

The so-called organic vegetables refer to the pure natural vegetables which are not suitable for chemicals, including pesticides, chemical fertilizers, growth regulators and so on. According to the practice, we have mastered the planting technology of organic vegetables. The editor of Guizhou Agricultural Network now introduces the planting techniques of organic vegetables as follows:

Variety selection

The seeds and seedlings of organic vegetables must meet three basic requirements: first, they do not have genetically modified components generated by genetic engineering. The second is not to use prohibited substances for treatment. Third, it has strong resistance to diseases and insect pests. Certified seeds and seedlings of organic vegetables should be selected in the production of organic vegetables. However, if certified organic vegetable seeds and seedlings are not purchased at the initial stage of planting, conventional seeds that have not been treated with prohibited substances can be selected. In addition, vegetables with strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, strong stress resistance and suitable for local soil and season should be selected, such as spinach, carrots, radishes, soybeans, taros, celery, ginger, leeks, garlic, onions, onions and so on.

Production base

The organic production base should be a complete plot. In the meantime, there should be no conventionally produced plots. But organic conversion parcels are allowed. The junction of organic vegetable production base and conventional land must be clearly marked, such as rivers, hills, man-made isolation zones and so on. The transition from conventional production to organic production usually takes 2 years, and then the vegetables sown can only be regarded as organic products after harvest. The starting time of the conversion period is calculated from the date of applying for certification from the certification body. The producer must operate in full accordance with the requirements of organic production during the conversion period.

Cultivation and management

The cultivation of organic vegetables. Matching cultivation techniques should be adopted. Implement crop rotation and clean the countryside, through the cultivation of strong seedlings, grafting and root replacement, ridging cultivation, plastic film mulching, reasonable close planting, plant adjustment and other techniques, make full use of light, heat, gas and other conditions, adopt crop rotation, after the previous vegetable harvest, thoroughly clean the base, create an environment conducive to vegetable growth, in order to achieve the goal of high yield and high efficiency.

Fertilizer use

The fertilizer used in the production of organic vegetables is mainly organic fertilizer. It includes animal manure, plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas fertilizer, etc., as well as organic special fertilizer and some microbial fertilizers certified by organic certification bodies.

1. Harmless treatment of fertilizer

Organic fertilizer needs to be treated innocuously 2 months before application. There are two methods: one is to pour water and wet pile up the fertilizer and cover it with plastic film to make it fully mature. When the fermentation temperature is above 60 degrees, it can effectively kill the diseases, pests and weeds in farm manure, and the treated fertilizer is easy to be absorbed and utilized by vegetables. Second, the biogas digester is used to ferment the organic fertilizer into the biogas digester, and biogas slurry or biogas residue is used as organic fertilizer.

2. Methods of fertilizer use

The amount of ① fertilizer applied. In the land where organic vegetables are planted, the use of fertilizer should be carried out at the same time as growing vegetables and improving soil fertility. 1:1 is the suitable ratio of animal manure to plant retting.

② was fertilized with sufficient base fertilizer. 80% of the total amount of fertilizer is used as base fertilizer. Apply fertilizer evenly into the tillage layer. To facilitate root absorption. Combined with soil preparation, barnyard manure or biological compost is 4575 tons per hectare. If possible, organic compound fertilizer can be used as seed fertilizer, the amount of which is 1500 kg / ha. The method is to apply it in ditch or hole before transplanting or sowing, and the suitable depth of fertilization is 5cm to 10cm.

③ is skillful in topdressing. Combined with watering and soil cultivation for soil topdressing, mainly the use of human feces and urine and biological fertilizer. Foliar spraying can also be carried out. In the growing period, bio-organic foliar fertilizer is selected and sprayed every 7-10 days for 2-3 times. Fertilizer topdressing can be used for vegetables with high planting density and shallow roots. when the vegetables grow to 3-4 leaves, the dried and fine fertilizer will be evenly distributed to the vegetable field and watered in time. For vegetables with large roots and concentrated roots, you can open ditches to fertilize, do not break the roots when opening ditches, and water them in time after covering them with soil. Attention should be paid to the flexible collocation of fertilizer according to the characteristics of fertilizer, different soil properties, different kinds of vegetables and different growth and development periods.

Control of diseases, pests and weeds

Since the use of all chemical synthetic pesticides and products produced by genetic engineering technology is prohibited in the production process of organic vegetables, the principle of "prevention first and combination of prevention and control" should be adhered to in organic vegetables. Disease-resistant varieties were selected and agricultural and physical measures such as high-temperature disinfection, reasonable fertilizer and water management, diversified intercropping and interplanting, and protection of natural enemies were adopted to comprehensively control diseases, insect pests and weeds.

1. Disease control: using lime, sulfur and Bordeaux liquid to control many kinds of diseases of vegetables. Limited use of copper-containing materials, soft soaps, plant preparations, vinegar, etc., is allowed to prevent and cure fungal diseases.

2. Pest control: promote the release of parasites and predators. Or using attractants in traps and distributed utensils, or physical pest control facilities, rotenone, botanical pyrethroids, emulsified vegetable oils and diatomite can be used to control pests in a limited way. allow limited use of microorganisms and their preparations to control insect pests.

3. Weed control: weeds are controlled by using cultivation techniques that restrict the growth and development of weeds, such as crop rotation, planting green manure, fallow, etc., or straw mulching is used to control weeds. Mechanical and electrothermal weeding is allowed, the use of genetically engineered products and chemical herbicides is prohibited, and weeds conducive to the growth of natural enemies should not be removed.