Planting time of cowpea

Cowpeas, commonly known as carob beans, ginger beans, with beans, hanging beans. Cowpea is divided into cowpea and rice cowpea, belonging to leguminous plants. Cowpea is not strict in planting environment, so it can be planted in spring, summer and autumn. The following editor will introduce the planting time of cowpea.

Planting time of cowpea

Cowpeas are divided into spring cowpeas, summer cowpeas and autumn cowpeas according to the planting time. Let's take a look at their planting time.

The main results are as follows: 1. spring cowpea seedlings are generally raised from late February to late March, planted from late March to late April, harvested from early June to mid-August, and seeds are collected from late July to early August.

2. Summer cowpea was sown from April 20 to June 30 in the Yellow River basin, from mid-April to early July in the Yangtze River basin, from early April to early August in northern Guangxi, spring and summer in Zhejiang and Fujian, and spring in Leizhou Peninsula.

3. In autumn, cowpea should be sown from August to September. Direct seeding is suitable for sowing. Reasonable close planting, 1.25-1.5 kg per mu, 50-60 cm between rows and 8-10 cm between plants, double-row planting with two seeds in each hole.

Planting environment of cowpea

Cowpea requires high temperature and strong heat tolerance, and the suitable temperature for growth is 20-25 ℃. It can bear pods normally and does not fall flowers when the temperature is above 35 ℃ in summer, but it is not resistant to frost. When the temperature is below 10 ℃, the growth is inhibited. Cowpea belongs to short-day crops, but cowpeas cultivated as vegetables are mostly medium-light, and the sunshine requirements are not very strict, such as red-billed swallow, cowpea 28-2 and other varieties, which can be cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in the south.

Cowpea has a wide adaptability to the soil, as long as the drainage is good, the soil is loose, the fields can be planted, the pods are tender, and the pod stage requires sufficient fertilizer and water.

Cowpea is a climbing plant, so it is necessary to build a shelf with a height of about 2 meters when the seedlings grow above 30cm. The materials are usually Reed, thin bamboo pole, thin wood and so on. The top branches of cowpea have the habit of winding and climbing, and will climb on their own.

Seeing here, I believe you should have a certain understanding of the planting time and environment of cowpea. I would like to take this opportunity to briefly introduce the planting technology of cowpea to you.

Planting techniques of cowpea

1. Raising seedlings. Cowpea is easy to sprout and generally does not need seed soaking to promote budding. The soil at the bottom of the seedling bed should be tight, and the thick loam soil with 6cm is the best, so as to prevent the main root from going deep into the soil, multiple fibrous roots, and great damage to the root group when transplanting seedlings. Therefore, when the seedlings have a pair of true leaves, they can be transplanted with soil, not large seedlings. If possible, two or three seedlings can be raised in nutrition bowls or burrow plates.

2. Planting. After frost breaking, the seedling age is 20-25 days, and the planting field should apply more rotten organic fertilizer, 3000~5000kg per mu, calcium superphosphate 25~30kg, plant ash 50~100kg or potassium sulfate 10~20kg, planting density row spacing 66cm, hole spacing 10~20cm, 3000m 3500 holes per mu, two or three plants per hole (two or three seedlings can be used when raising seedlings to facilitate later planting). After planting, the seedlings were watered slowly, and the seedlings were deeply ploughed and squatted for 5 days to promote the development of root system.

3. Live broadcast. When sowing in open field after breaking frost, the density of trailing varieties was row spacing 66~70cm, plant spacing 20~25cm, 4 seeds per hole, remaining seedlings 2 plants, dwarf varieties 50~60cm, plant spacing 25~30cm. After sowing, use feet to make full contact between the soil and seeds, absorb enough water to facilitate sprouting, when there is 70% bud top soil, gently water once to ensure the emergence of seedlings. After watering, deep ploughing to preserve soil moisture, increase temperature and squat seedlings in time to promote root growth.

4. Field management

① check seedlings: when the first pair of primary leaves appear, you should go to the field to check seedlings one by one. The seedlings replanted had better be sowed and raised 3-4 days earlier in the greenhouse with paper bowls. If the seedlings are raised and transplanted, the seedlings should be replenished after the slow seedling.

② ploughing and loosening soil: once every 7-10 days after the seedlings came out or planted slowly during direct seeding, the soil was loosened to preserve soil moisture, squatting seedlings to promote roots, and stop ploughing after vine extension.

③ watering and topdressing: cowpea should not be fertilized in the early stage to prevent excessive fertilizer and water from causing overgrowth. Dung is usually watered once after a live tree. It is necessary to strengthen the supply of fertilizer and water after bud flowering and the beginning of harvest, generally topdressing 2 or 3 times, each time applying human and animal feces and urine 750~1000kg per mu. If the dung cannot be irrigated due to heavy rain, urea 5~10kg can be applied in the middle of the row. What is cultivated in autumn is promoted to the end.

④ rack to draw vines, pruning and branching: when the plant spits out the vine, it should be inserted into the rack. Use a herringbone frame or an X frame. The height of the frame is 2 to 2.5 m, 10~15cm from the base of the plant, one root per hole, deep 15~20cm, intersecting every two frames, and the horizontal first rod is placed at the intersection of the upper part 4 and 5 and fastened tightly. Cowpea vine on the shelf is generally carried out at noon or afternoon on a sunny day, not in the dew or rain, to avoid breaking the vine leaves. Draw the vine in a counterclockwise direction.

5. Pruning method

The buds were wiped at the base of ①, and the lateral buds of the main vine were erased from all the nodes below the inflorescence to promote flowering.

When there are mixed leaf buds beside the flower buds in the axils of the middle and upper leaves of the ② main vine, the leaf buds should be beaten off in time.

③ topping, topping when the main vine is more than 2 meters long, in order to control growth, promote the formation of accessory flower buds, but also conducive to harvest.

6. Fertilizer and water management

Cowpea bogey continuous cropping, on the basis of sufficient base fertilizer, need less fertilizer at seedling stage, so we should control fertilizer and water, especially pay attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer, so as to avoid excessive growth of stems and leaves, increase of branches, increase of flowering and pod nodes, decrease of inflorescence number, and formation of middle and lower empty vines without pods. The flowering and podding period needs a lot of fertilizer and water, so it is necessary to re-apply pod-bearing fertilizer to promote the increase of flowering and podding, prevent premature senility and increase yield. Take spring cowpea as an example: 10: 20% human fecal water was applied twice at the seedling and vine stage; when the plant entered the early flowering stage, vegetative growth and reproductive growth went hand in hand, and the number of fruits increased, and human fecal 1500~2000kg per mu was re-applied to promote more flowering and podding; during the harvest period, fecal water was applied every 4 to 5 days for a total of 3 to 4 times. Cowpea is tolerant to drought. There are more Rain Water in spring in the south, so there is no need to irrigate, but it is high temperature and drought in summer and autumn. Attention should be paid to fertilization and irrigation in order to reduce flower and pod drop, prevent premature senescence of vine leaves and prolong fruit and increase yield.

7. Pest control

Aphids are mainly harmful at the seedling stage and can spread cowpea mosaic virus disease. 40% dimethoate is sprayed every 7 to 10 days. Wild bean borer generally occurs in large numbers from July to August (summer and autumn cowpea), harming pods. Spraying dichlorvos at flowering stage every 6 to 10 days, Rain Water often causes cowpea coal mildew damage in summer and autumn in the south. At the initial stage of occurrence, 50% carbendazim 1000 times or 50% topiramate 1000 times spray 2 times 3 times, while cowpea rust can be treated with 1000 times methyl topiramate wettable powder or 65% Dysen zinc 1000 times. Spray once every 7-10 days, a total of 2-3 times.