Pumpkin planting techniques

Pumpkin alias pumpkin, pumpkin, rice melon, pumpkin, for the cucurbitaceae, pumpkin plants. Annual trailing herbs; stems often rooting at nodes, extending to 2-5 m, densely covered with white bristles. Petiole stout, native to Mexico to Central America, widely cultivated all over the world. It was introduced into China in the Ming Dynasty and is now widely planted in the north and south. The tender fruit is palatable and is one of the melons and vegetables in summer and autumn.

Construction of pumpkin planting garden

We should choose the land with high topography, good drainage, loose soil and good air permeability, preferably sandy loam and light loam, low-lying land prone to waterlogging is not suitable to grow pumpkin. The soil should be slightly acidic, and the PH value should be between 5.5 and 6.8. Avoid repeating and stubble with cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae crops to avoid serious occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Soil preparation should be fine. Before soil preparation, 3000 to 5000 kg of high-quality farm manure and 20 kg of diammonium phosphate should be applied every 667m2, and biological bacterial fertilizer can also be applied if possible.

Sowing time of pumpkin

The sowing time is determined according to the specific conditions of the year and the local conditions. The basic principle is to make the seedlings avoid the final frost and sow the seeds when they are unearthed. The Yangtze River basin is usually from February to April. Early sowing uses hotbed or cold bed to raise seedlings, and after mid-or late March, direct seeding can be done after budding. Seeds can be sown in South China from February to September. It is mainly divided into spring sowing from February to March and autumn sowing from August to September. The specific methods are as follows: soak the seeds in 55 to 60 ℃ hot water for 15 minutes, kill the bacteria on the surface of the seed coat, then pour into cold water to cool to 30 ℃, soak for 4 to 6 hours, wrap them in a wet cloth or towel and put them in 25 to 30 ℃ to accelerate germination to about 0.3cm before sowing. It can be planed according to 50 cm plant spacing, planing one ridge and one ridge, so that the plant row spacing is 50 × 120 cm, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission and disease prevention. First water in the rice, after water infiltration, put 2 seeds flat per mu, seed buds face down, cover 2 to 3 cm fine soil, conditional plastic film can be covered, in fact, pumpkin row spacing is large, not much film is used, and only 10 yuan per mu is invested. But when covered with plastic film, we must break the bumpy cover, make the plastic film close to the ridge surface, tighten around and press into the soil, otherwise the effect of plastic film is not obvious, and the seedling generally does not need to be watered. When melon seedlings grow to 3 true leaves, choose large seedlings with strong plants and complete cotyledons. One plant is left in each plant, and the rest is cut off from the ground.

Herbicide weeding in planting garden

Before the weeds are unearthed, the ideal herbicides are 33% Tianpu, 100g / mu and 60kg / mu, or 25% Nongshita EC, 150g / mu and 60kg / mu. If weeds have been unearthed before sowing, you can use 41% Chunduoduo (glyphosate) to kill weeds by root and then sow them, spraying 200 to 300 milliliters per mu with 30 to 40 kilograms of water on the stems and leaves of weeds, which is generally effective for 6 to 7 days. The pesticide has no residue on the soil and will not cause any adverse effects on the crops transplanted in the current season or sown in the next crop. In order to improve the weed control and weeding effect of herbicides, several problems should be paid attention to during spraying, spraying evenly and not leaking, especially weeding before budding, should be sprayed backwards to prevent footprints from damaging the film and reduce the effect. Secondly, it should be watered or sprayed after rain during drought, so that the effect of weeding is better, and the dosage of sterilized herbicides should be increased during drought.

Field management of pumpkin planting

A pumpkin can produce many branches. In order not to disperse the nutrients too much, it is necessary to make a fork. One seedling leaves three main vines of 2murmur.According to soil fertility and seedling growth, the terminal bud can be removed after several births. Pumpkin as long as the soil is fertile, frequently watering and fertilizing, generally 3murmur5 leaves slip a melon, leaving more melons will not grow up. Melon axils are very easy to branch buds, we should pay attention to remove, otherwise compete with melons for nutrients, so that melons lack nutrients and wither and fall.

The main results are as follows: 1. Timely sowing: chestnut pumpkin is mainly planted in spring, sowed and raised seedlings from January to February, and direct seeded from August to September in autumn, but the virus disease is serious and the risk is high; zucchini has strong cold tolerance, sowing seedlings from December to the middle of February of the following year or direct seeding cultivation in late autumn and October; Chinese squash is planted in spring from February to March, sowing in the first ten days, and direct seeding from late July to early August in autumn. The temperature management of "one high and one low" was adopted in the seedling raising stage, that is, maintaining high temperature after sowing to promote seedling emergence, and after most of the seedling soil, strengthen ventilation and appropriately reduce the temperature in the greenhouse. The winter planting effect of chestnut-flavored pumpkin and zucchini is better.

2. Timely transplanting: the loam or sandy loam with good light, convenient drainage and irrigation and soil PH5.5-6.8 should be selected for planting melons and vegetables that have not been planted for 2-3 years. When the seedling has 2-3 true leaves, it can be transplanted. The dwarf varieties are about 1.5 meters wide, 0.6 meters apart and double-row planting. Long vine varieties border width 2-2.5 meters, plant spacing 0.6-0.7 meters, climbing cultivation of single-row planting, frame cultivation of double-row planting. Combined with soil preparation and ditching, about 2000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer, 0 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 15 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu of planting ditch. Choose the sunny day with cold tail and warm head for transplanting. Autumn plant virus disease occurs seriously, can be properly close planting, stretch the vine before setting the seedling, in order to preserve the seedling.

3. Pruning and retaining branches: long vines usually leave 2-3 vines per plant. It can be topped with 5-6 true leaves, leaving 2-3 sturdy and even-sized vines, or main vines, and then 1-2 sturdy vines. The other side vines must be removed. Dwarf zucchini are generally not pruned. The old leaves and leaves were removed in time during the growth process.

4. Fertilizer and water management: drenching enough root water after transplanting. After retarding the seedlings, 0.5% urea was used to promote the growth of the seedlings for 1-2 times. Topdressing is generally divided into 2-3 times, the first time in the vine period or before the closure of the row, combined with ploughing and weeding, 10 kg compound fertilizer per mu, and 15 kg compound fertilizer per mu in the fruit expansion period. The third time, according to the growth of the plant, 10 kg compound fertilizer was applied per mu in the fruit expansion stage of the second and third fruits. The fruit expansion period needs a lot of water, so it is necessary to irrigate at the right time. The occurrence of virus disease in autumn plant is closely related to the supply of fertilizer and water in the early growth stage. More water and fertilizer can promote the rapid growth of plants and avoid the lack of water and fertilizer, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of virus disease. There are many Rain Water planted in spring, so we should do a good job of drainage and reduce the humidity in the field. Rain Water is less in the middle and late autumn planting, so it is necessary to do a good job of furrow irrigation.

5. Flower and fruit protection: pumpkin is prone to poor pollination and not easy to set fruit when it is hot or rainy during flowering, so artificial pollination should be carried out to improve the fruit setting rate. Artificial pollination should be carried out in the morning, pick the newly opened male flowers, remove the Corolla, and gently smear the pollen on the female flower stigma. Leave 2 leaves before branching fruit and leave a normal fruit for each vine to get rid of superfluous and deformed fruit. Zucchini planted in early spring have low temperature in the early stage, more female flowers, less male flowers and insufficient pollen, which is disadvantageous to pollination and fertilization, and is easy to drop flowers and fruits. 20-30mg/ kg antiseptic can be used to smear the stigma of female flowers when the female flowers bloom to promote fruit setting.

6. Preventive measures of falling flowers and fruits

① regulates the relationship between growth and fruit. Before setting fruit, the first melon should control the supply of water and fertilizer, inhibit vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth, pruning and branching in time to prevent excessive lateral vines and plant overgrowth.

② artificial pollination. Pumpkin is a heterogeneous plant, which needs to be pollinated by insect vectors in order to achieve the purpose of pollination. If there are continuous rainy days during the flowering period, the activity of insects will be blocked, and it will be difficult to sit on melons without artificial pollination. Artificial pollination should be carried out from 6 to 8 o'clock in the morning, pick male flowers, remove petals and let stamens contact the stigma of female flowers. In addition, hormone treatment can also be used to promote melon sitting.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in pumpkin

Pumpkin has strong adaptability to external conditions and less diseases and insect pests.

1. The common diseases of pumpkin are powdery mildew, virus disease, blight, anthrax and so on, among which virus disease is the most serious, which often leads to a large number of flowers and fruits. Control methods: spraying 500-600 times of chlorothalonil or 500-600 times of thunder mycin plus 500-600 times of carbendazim in pumpkin growth and development period can prevent the occurrence of diseases.

2. The main pests of pumpkin are aphids, red spiders, grubs and so on. Control measures: 90% trichlorfon 1000 times liquid spray, underground pests can be killed with 90% trichlorfon mixed with roasted incense bait.

The harvest of pumpkins

The fruit ripens 40 days after female flower pollination, and the ripening mark is that the fruit stalk is lignified and protruding outward, which can be harvested at this time and stored in a cool and ventilated place. The fruit stalk should remain 2 to 3 cm and should not be too long.

Recommendation: efficient intercropping of sticky corn, pumpkin and Chinese cabbage (radish) can increase the value of land and increase farmers' income. That is, planting sticky corn early around April 25, planting pumpkins on May 15, and planting cabbage or radish after sticky corn harvest.