Planting technique of lentil

Hyacinth bean alias eyebrow bean, moth bean, lotus bean, magpie bean, along the hedge bean, for leguminous bean family hyacinth plant in a cultivated species, annual or annual grass vine, in the south frost-free areas can be perennial. Eat young pods or mature beans. Originated in Asia. It is mainly distributed in India and tropical countries. In China, there are more cultivation in the south, followed by North China, cultivated in cold areas under natural conditions, although it can flower but not bear pods. Dolichos is a kind of vegetable with high protein and carotene content. It is easy to cultivate and has a certain effect on regulating the supply of vegetables in summer and autumn, but it has not yet formed large-scale production.

Characteristics of lentils

1. Botanical characteristics. Developed roots, lateral roots, water absorption, nutrient capacity, and cowpea Rhizobia symbiotic formation of spherical nodules. Stems vine, short vine and long vine two kinds. Short tendrils about 60~150 cm long, multi-branched, erect tufted. Long tendril type 2~10 m stem winding. Cotyledons emerge, the first ~ the opposite leaf, simple leaf, and then are trifoliate alternate leaves. Racemes axillary, inflorescence indefinite. Flowers are white, lilac and purplish red due to different varieties. Self-pollination, but insect pollination has a certain cross-pollination rate. Pod flat hypertrophy, obovate long elliptic or long elliptic short strip, apex has curved beak, pod color green white, light green, dark purple, purple edge and other colors. Each pod contains 3 - 7 seeds. Seeds slightly flat, elliptic, smooth, one side of the edge of the semilunar white raised caruncle, like white eyebrows. Seed coats are white, black and brown. The hilum is white. 100 grains weigh 30 - 50 grams. The seed storage life is 2~4 years.

2. Requirements for environmental conditions. Love warm fear cold, meet frost namely die. The optimum temperature for growth is 20~30 degrees Celsius, the optimum temperature for flowering and pod-bearing is 25~28 degrees Celsius, and it can withstand high temperature of 35 degrees Celsius. At 35~40 degrees Celsius high temperature, pollen germination decreased, easy to cause flower drop pod. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 22~23 ℃. Short-day crops. Some varieties are insensitive to photoperiod, so they can be planted in all parts of China. lentils are more tolerant of shade. The requirement of moisture is not strict, and the drought resistance of adult plants is extremely strong. Wide adaptability to the soil, and good drainage, fertile sandy loam best. The PH ranges from 5.0 to 7.5.

Cultivation techniques of lentils

1. Cultivation methods. Multiple rows of direct seeding in late spring, summer and autumn to early frost before the harvest of tender pods. Single crop or intercropping with corn, corn straw as support, or intercropping with garlic, can also be planted at the edge of the field.

① Sowing density: plant spacing of 30~ 45cm and row spacing of 65~ 70cm for short-vine early-maturing cultivation; plant spacing of 45cm and row spacing of 100~ 130cm for long-vine hedge cultivation; 133cm bed for herringbone cultivation, 2 rows, plant spacing of 35cm, and 66cm working road between beds.

② Sowing method: ditching or hole sowing, sowing depth 5~7 cm, after sowing should be covered with plant ash.

③ Sowing rate: 57~67.5 kg/ha for single cropping and 6~16.5 kg/ha for mixed cropping.

2. Select excellent varieties

Select fine varieties according to cultivation conditions. The existing lentils are divided into white lentils, green lentils and purple lentils according to pod color. The main varieties cultivated in China are:

1 Purple edge lentils. Pig ears, lentils, vines. Leaves dark green, veins, petioles purple, pods wide flat, green hypertrophy, dark purple at one side of the seam, pod flesh crisp and tender each pod contains 5~6 seeds, mature seeds black, cooked after quality cotton, good quality, high yield, medium and late maturity, strong heat resistance, cold resistance weak, like water and fertilizer, vigorous growth.

2 White lentils. Creeping, branched, strong growth potential. All green. White, pod slightly narrow long flat thin, light green, pod meat thin tender, white seeds, good flavor. The whole growth period of spring sowing is 160~170 days. Extremely drought tolerant.

③ Black seeds and white lentils. Creeping, strong growth potential, light green stems purple nodes, dark green leaves, purple flowers, high pod rate, pods light green narrow, each pod containing 5~6 seeds, black seeds. Drought tolerance, barren tolerance, heat tolerance, cold tolerance, long harvest period.

4 Purple lentils. Crawling, strong branching, dark purple stems, green leaves, veins and petioles dark purple, inflorescence long, pods many, pods narrow and thick flesh, purple, containing 3~5 seeds, soft after cooking. Late maturity, heat resistance, cold resistance, drought tolerance, long harvest period, high yield.

3. Field management

① Management of water and fertilizer: less water is needed in seedling stage, more water is needed after vine elongation and pod setting stage. Generally, 1~2 water is poured for a long time, and one water is poured for about 10 days without rain during the flowering and pod period. Intertill weeding after watering, combined with topdressing, to prevent flower drop pod and excessive growth. Intertillage should be shallow to prevent root damage. Organic fertilizer such as decomposed chicken manure can be applied before pod bearing. A small amount of chemical fertilizer is applied after pod setting.

2. Set up and guide vines and prune branches: set up frames before pulling vines, or use ropes to guide vines to trees and houses in time after pulling vines. When the main vine has 5~6 compound leaves, it can be picked to promote multiple lateral vines. When the lateral vine has 3~4 leaves, it can bloom and set pods earlier, but the yield is lower. General if with hedge frame or herringbone frame cultivation, in the stem tendrils grow to the top of the frame when picking, can promote pod precocious.

3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: There are few diseases in lentils. The pests mainly include aphids and red spiders. They can be sprayed with low-toxicity chemicals for early prevention and control.

4. Harvest

The hyacinth bean has a long growth period (160~300 days), flowers and pods 60~65 days after emergence, and young pods can be harvested one after another. The harvest can last 90 - 120 days. Generally, the yield of young pods per hectare is 15000~18750 kg. The shelf life of fresh pods and beans was shorter. If stored at 85%~90% relative humidity and 0~2 ℃, fresh pods can be stored for 21 days, and young beans with pods can be stored for about 7 days. Mature seeds were harvested at 150~210 days for long-vine varieties and 60~75 days for early-maturing short-vine varieties. Mature pods are harvested and dried when they turn yellow, and stored after threshing and wind cleaning.

pest control

1. Control of lentil rust and brown spot: spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 100g or 37% difenoconazole 20g mixed with 60kg water for control.

2. Control of lentil moth, small gray butterfly and tobacco budworm: spray 3.3% abamectin·high chlorine 15~ 30g or 30% emamectin·chlorpyrifos 40~ 60ml mixed with 60kg water for control.