Planting technique of Morchella

Planting technique of Morchella

Morchella is commonly known as Morchella and Tricholoma. It is named because its mushroom cover surface is uneven and its shape is very similar to sheep tripe (stomach). It is a very precious natural supplement, which is rich in protein, vitamins and more than 20 kinds of amino acids. Morchella is divided into natural growth and artificial cultivation.

Planting conditions of Morchella

1. Temperature and humidity: Morchella is a low-temperature and high-humidity fungus, which often occurs after rain from March to May in spring and occasionally from August to September in autumn, but the number is very few. Morchella has a long growth period, which requires not only a lower temperature, but also a larger temperature difference, which can stimulate the differentiation of mycelium. The mycelium growth temperature is 21: 24 ℃, the head nucleus formation temperature is 16: 21 ℃, the fruiting body formation and development temperature is 4.4-16 ℃, and the humidity is about 65%-85%. For this reason, the cultivation time should be from November to December as far as possible.

2. Sunshine: the weak scattered light is beneficial to the growth and development of the fruiting body, while the strong direct light has a bad effect.

3. Soil: the soil PH should be about 6.5-7.5, neutral or slightly alkaline is beneficial to the growth of Morchella. Morchella often grows in limestone or chalk soil. In humus soil, black, yellow loam and sandy mixed soil can grow.

4. Air: Morchella seldom occurs in dark and thick deciduous layer, that is, the quality of Morchella is poor. Adequate oxygen is essential for the normal growth and development of Morchella.

Morchella culture formula

1. Sawdust 75%, wheat bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, humus 3%.

2. 75% of cottonseed hull, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum, 1% of lime and 3% of humus soil.

3. Corncob 40% (crushed), sawdust 20%, bean shell 15%, wheat bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%, plant ash 2%.

You can choose one of the above three kinds of training materials. The ratio of material to water is 1 ∶ 1.3, and the water content is kept at 60%.

After looking at the planting conditions of Morchella and the formula of Morchella culture, we will take a look at Morchella cultivation, post-planting management and pest control and other related technologies.

Planting technique of Morchella

1. Unbagged cultivation of clinker

Mix the material and fill it with 17 × 33cm polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bags of about 500 grams each, then sterilized under high pressure or atmospheric pressure. After sterilization, it was inoculated and cultured in 22-25 ℃. After the mycelium was full in bag, the culture was extended for 5-6 days, so that the mycelium could be fully grown.

① indoor off-pack cultivation. The fruiting body can be formed when the temperature is 4.4-16 ℃.

Outdoor unbagged cultivation of ②: the bacterial sticks cultivated indoors can also be transferred to outdoor cultivation. Select woodland with light of 3 yang and 7 yin as border, border width 1m, deep 20~25cm, unlimited length, spray or lightly water once after finishing the border, and kill pests and miscellaneous bacteria with 10% lime water. The method of removing bags and expelling bacteria sticks is the same as indoor cultivation, except that the bottom layer can not be covered with plastic film, but we should pay attention to the temperature change in the border to prevent direct sunlight.

2. Outdoor raw material cultivation

Outside, choose 3-yang, 7-yin or half-yang, loose and moist soil, good drainage, dig deep into the pit of 20~25cm, wet the bottom of the pit first, wet any of the ingredients above, weigh well, mix well with water, spread a layer of material at the bottom, flatten it with about 4~5cm, break it into walnut-sized bacteria blocks with 2 bags of bacteria (12 × 28 cm) per square meter, spread them evenly on the material, and then cover them with thin layer of fine humus soil. Then spread the second layer of material on it, the thickness is still 4~5cm, and then sow in the same way after flattening. After sowing, it is covered with loose humus soil with a thickness of 3~5cm, and then covered with a layer of broad-leaved leaves to keep warm and moisturizing. Sprinkle some water properly after the cover, and cover some branches on the leaves in order to prevent human or livestock trampling and bright light.

Planting management of Morchella esculenta

Because Morchella is a kind of wet fungus, it is important to maintain humidity throughout its growing period. In outdoor cultivation, in winter, especially in early spring, Rain Water is more, the humidity is higher, and the temperature is suitable, the mycelium grows well, the sclerotia is easy to form, and the fruiting body grows well. If drought occurs during the growing period, especially in early spring, timely watering and moisturizing is necessary. Early spring has a temperature of 416 ℃ in a few weeks, which can stimulate the formation of fruiting body of Herba Euphorbiae. If the temperature changes sharply, such as cold below 4 ℃ or temperature exceeding 16 ℃, it will affect the formation and development of fruiting body, so it is very necessary to create good conditions for sclerotia formation and growth and development of fruiting body at this time. In a word, maintaining a certain temperature and suitable humidity for Morchella in early spring is the key to successful cultivation.

Disease and pest control of Morchella

Diseases and insect pests will occur in both mycelium growth and fruiting body growth, which focus on prevention and keep the site environment clean and hygienic. The site sterilization and insecticidal treatment is carried out before sowing, and insect pests occur in the later stage. Cordyceps or 10% lime water can be sprayed before the fruiting body is produced to kill pests and miscellaneous bacteria.

Picking and Preservation of Morchella

After the fruiting body was unearthed for 7-10 days, it grew and matured, and the general color changed from dark gray to light gray or brownish yellow, and the honeycomb depression on the cover surface was fully extended to harvest. After harvest, the soil should be cleaned, dried or dried in time, sealed and preserved in plastic bags.