When do you plant chili peppers?

The early growth of pepper is the germination stage, which is generally unearthed about 5-8 days after accelerating germination and sowing, and the first true leaf appears in about 15 days, and the bud is exposed at the seedling stage. The flowering period is mainly from the first flower ear to the door pepper. The fruiting period is from setting fruit to pulling seedlings. The suitable temperature for chili is between 15 and 34 degrees. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 25-30 degrees, and it takes 5-7 days for seeds to germinate. Seeds do not germinate when the temperature is below 15 degrees or higher than 35 degrees. The seedling stage requires a higher temperature, 25-30 degrees during the day, 15-18 degrees at night is the best, the seedlings are not resistant to low temperature, we should pay attention to cold prevention. Chili peppers at 35 degrees will cause flowers and fruits to fall.

Planting time and seedling raising techniques

Reasonable planting time and correct seedling techniques are the necessary conditions for high yield in pepper planting. Let's take a look at the planting time and seedling techniques of pepper.

1. Seedling raising time: if chili peppers are cultivated in spring in protected areas, they are usually sown and raised seedlings from January to February.

2. Seedling raising facilities: solar greenhouse can be used; or heat preservation type improved sunny bed; or plastic greenhouse, small arch shed covered with plastic film and grass curtain.

3. Seed treatment

Soaking seeds with ① agents: in order to prevent and cure common and frequent pepper anthracnose, virus and bacterial spot disease, select high-quality and high-yield varieties, first soak the seeds in clean water for 5 hours, then remove and drain them step by step and soak them in 1% copper sulfate solution, 10% trisodium phosphate solution and 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 10 minutes, to disinfect and sterilize, then remove and rinse with clean water to accelerate germination.

Soak the seeds in ② conventional warm soup: the water consumption is 5 times that of the seeds. Pour the seeds into 55 degrees water and stir immediately. After the water temperature drops to 30 degrees, soak for another 8 hours. This method has bactericidal effect on scab and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

4. Sprouting: wrap the soaked seeds in a wet cloth and put them in a warm place to germinate. Press 28 ℃ 30 ℃ to control 16 Mel for 18 hours and 16 Mel 20 ℃ 6 for 8 hours every day. Turn it over every 12 hours and scrub it with 30 ℃ warm water to make it heated and heated evenly to facilitate sprouting and strong. Generally, when 5Mel germinates more than 80% in 7 days, it can be cooled to 10 ℃ or placed indoors for low temperature sprouting for 8 hours, and then it can be sown.

5. Sowing: the bed soil is preferably the soil that has not planted eggplant fruits and vegetables for three years. The bed soil should be screened and lO kg of high quality organic fertilizer should be applied to every square meter of seedling bed. The seedling bed is 10 cm high and should be leveled. Pour enough bottom water before sowing. After the water is completely seeped, cover a layer of fine soil, spread the germinated seeds evenly on it, cover the soil 5 mm after sowing, cover the plastic film and buckle the small arch shed in time, in order to increase temperature and moisturize, promote early emergence of seedlings. Remove the plastic film in time after the emergence of 70% of the seeds, and cover the soil with 5 mm when all the seeds emerge.

6. Interseedling: when the cotyledons of young seedlings are flattened, the weak seedlings that are overdense, crowded, diseased, malformed and poorly growing should be pulled out, and then covered with soil to protect the roots. Temperature management 25-30 degrees, in order to maintain a higher ground temperature, gradually reduce the greenhouse temperature and control irrigation 10 days before seedling emergence, in order to shorten the slow seedling time after planting.

7. Split seedling transplanting: when the seedlings grew to 4-5 true leaves, the seedlings were transplanted according to the hole distance of 7x7 centimeters, 2-3 plants per hole, covered with fine soil between the holes and filled.

After watching the planting time and seedling raising techniques of hot pepper, the following editor will introduce to you the prevention and control techniques of common diseases in the process of pepper planting.

Control of Common Diseases in Pepper planting

1. Bacterial wilt

[disease characteristics] when the disease occurred, the top leaves of the diseased plants withered during the day and recovered sooner or later in cloudy days. After 2-3 days, the leaves remained green but the whole plant withered. Cut the diseased stem, the catheter is brown, soak the incision in water, and flow out white turbid bacterial liquid from the incision.

[incidence regularity] Pepper bacterial wilt is a bacterial disease, which is serious when the soil temperature reaches 20 ℃-25 ℃, the air temperature reaches 30 ℃-37 ℃, and the soil water content exceeds 25%. When the heavy rain suddenly clears, the temperature rises rapidly, the humidity is big, the transpiration is large, the pathogen activity is exuberant, the diseased plant increases, the harm is serious. The pathogen is suitable to develop when the soil pH is 6.6.

[prevention and control methods]

Resistant varieties were selected for ①.

② adjusts soil acidity and alkalinity, applying 50-100kg lime per mu.

③ implements crop rotation to prevent continuous or continuous cropping.

When ④ was examined in time, the diseased plants were immediately removed and burned, and lime powder was sprinkled in the acupoints. 100-200PPM agricultural streptomycin or Chunlimycin could be used to wet the soil with a packet of water for 3 times, and the roots were irrigated once every 10-15 days for 2-3 times.

2. Epidemic disease

[disease characteristics] can occur in the whole growth cycle, infection at seedling stage, mostly at the base of stem, disease at seedling stage, dark green soft rot or quenching at the base of stem, that is, sudden disease at seedling stage; some stem base is dark brown, seedlings wither and die; leaves are infected, the spot is round or nearly round, 2-3 cm in diameter, the edge is yellowish green, the center is dark brown. The fruit infection begins with the pedicel, the primary dark green water-soaked spot, the rapid browning and soft rot, the white mold layer on the surface when the humidity is high, that is, the pathogen cyst peduncle and sporangium, the dark brown stripes are formed after drying, and the branches and leaves above the diseased part wither quickly.

[incidence regularity] the pathogen overwintered as mycelium and oospore in soil or diseased tissue. Oospore was spread by sputtering with Rain Water and irrigation water. The optimum temperature for pathogen development was 23 ℃-31 ℃. High temperature and humidity were beneficial to the occurrence of pathogen.

[prevention and control methods]

① if pepper blight is transmitted by soil, pesticide must be used to control it.

The key time for ② control is in the middle and late June. The flowering and fruiting period of hot pepper is generally carried out within 1-2 days after watering.

③ effective pesticide with 25% early frost or 58% early frost manganese zinc, the concentration is 500x liquid irrigation root, each hole irrigation 0.3-0.4jin effect is the best.

3. Powdery mildew

[characteristics] powdery mildew of pepper was caused by Alternaria flagellata, a subphylum fungus of ascomycetes. Leaves, old leaves and tender leaves could be infected with the disease. It spreads mainly by airflow in the field. The disease is easy to spread under slightly dry conditions. The diseased leaves have primary chlorotic small yellow spots on the front, and then expand into inconspicuous chlorotic yellow mottled. White powder is produced on the back of the disease part, and when the disease spot is serious, the whole leaf turns yellow and falls off to form a light stalk, which seriously affects the yield and quality.

[prevention and control methods]

When planting ①, select varieties with good disease resistance and seed dressing with new high-fat membrane (can ward off underground diseases and insects, isolate virus infection, do not affect germination and swelling function, strengthen respiratory intensity, and improve seed germination rate).

Before planting ②, dig the soil deeply, spray the new high-fat film 800x solution to sterilize and disinfect, keep heat and preserve moisture.

③ should timely spray hot pepper Zhuangtiling in each growing period of pepper to enhance the transport of nutrients in the body and improve the resistance of pepper to external germs.

In the early stage of ④, spraying Duoyaoqing 1000 times solution plus DuPont Fuxing 3000 times solution and adding new high lipid membrane had a good effect.