Celery planting technology

Celery cultivation in China began in the Han Dynasty and has a history of more than 2000 years. At first, it was only planted as an ornamental plant, and then it was eaten. After continuous domestication and cultivation, the cultivated species of celery with slender petiole was formed, that is, Benqin (Chinese celery).

The planting environment of celery

1. Temperature. Celery is native to the Mediterranean coast and is a shallow root vegetable of Umbelliferae. It likes cool and mild climate. The suitable temperature for seed germination is 18 ~ 25 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 4 ~ 6 ℃. The seedling stage should be 15 ~ 20 ℃, which can endure low temperature of-4 ~ 5 ℃ and high temperature of about 30 ℃ for a short time, and the root system can overwinter at about-15 ℃. The suitable temperature for vegetative growth period is 16 ~ 20 ℃, which is higher than 20 ℃, and it is prone to disease and quality decline.

2. Light. Low temperature and long sunshine can promote flower bud differentiation at seedling tip, so spring sowing is easy to immature bolting; high temperature and strong light in vegetative growth period of celery will increase fiber and poor quality. Therefore, celery is suitable for protecting the environment, especially in spring and autumn.

3. Moisture. The root system of celery is shallow, mostly about 12-18 cm, so it is not resistant to drought and needs moist soil and air conditions. Especially in the peak growth period, the surface covered with white fibrous roots need sufficient water, otherwise the growth will stagnate, the mechanical tissue in the petiole will be developed, and the yield and quality will be reduced.

4. Soil nutrition. Celery is suitable for loam or clay loam which is rich in organic matter, water and fertility. For every 100 kg celery, 40 grams of nitrogen, 14 grams of phosphorus and 60 grams of potassium are needed. Nitrogen-deficient plants are short and the petiole is easy to age and hollow, especially in the previous and later stages. In addition, celery needs strong boron, lack of boron, celery petiole is easy to split, 0.5-0.75 kg borax can be applied per mu.

Cultivation techniques of celery

Celery has strong adaptability to the environment, using different varieties in different seasons, supporting a variety of protection facilities, can be produced in the north and south of the year, the main stubble is as follows.

1. Cultivation stubble in open field

① autumn celery: raise seedlings in early summer, grow in cool autumn season, harvest about a month after frost, growing period 120-150 days.

② spring and summer celery: 80-90 days before the final frost, 20-30 days before the final frost, growing in spring and summer, harvested before and after the high temperature season.

③ overwintering celery: when the lowest average temperature is higher than-5 ℃ in winter, seedlings or small plants can live in the open field directly; in areas around-10 ℃, wind barriers and grass mulching are installed over the winter; in areas below-12 ℃, celery roots are often stored in autumn for overwintering, and planted after thawing in the next spring.

2. Cultivation stubble in protected facilities

Celery protects most of the land to survive the winter. Mainly in winter, spring and autumn, it can be planted alone in a large area and interplanted with cucumbers and tomatoes.

Overwintering celery in ① solar greenhouse was shaded from June to August, planted from August to October, and harvested by stages from December to April of the following year.

② improved winter and spring celery in Yangqi: sowing and raising seedlings from late August to early September, planting from mid-October to early November, and harvest from April to May.

③ autumn protected celery: autumn greenhouse celery generally sowed in late June, planted in mid-late August, and harvested from mid-October to mid-November; small arch greenhouse with grass mulch can delay the cultivation of celery in autumn, raise seedlings in mid-late June, colonize in early September, and enter the peak harvest period in mid-December.

Excellent varieties of celery

1. Chinese celery (Ben Qin)

① Jinnan Shiqin No. 1: selected by Agricultural Science Station, Shuanggang Town, Jinnan District, Tianjin. The variety has strong growth potential, late bolting and few branches. Petiole solid, good quality, disease resistance, wide adaptability. The average weight per plant is 0.5 kg, and the average yield per mu is 5000-10000 kg, which is suitable for cultivation in spring and autumn open fields and protected facilities all over the country.

② Jinnan winter celery: Tianjin Hongcheng celery research institute launched a new variety of celery in 1995. The petiole of this variety is thick, light green and palatable. The plant height is 90 cm, the weight per plant is 0.25 kg, and the branches are very few, so it is the most suitable for production and use in winter protected area.

③ iron celery: the plant is tall, the leaf color is dark green, glossy, the petiole is green, solid or semi-solid, the weight of single plant is 0.25kg, the yield per mu is about 5000 kg.

2. Western celery (celery)

① Italian parsley: strong plant growth, plant height 85 cm, petiole thick, solid, petiole base 1.2cm wide, 0.95cm thick, crisp texture, less fiber, strong medicinal flavor, average weight per plant is about 250g. Tolerable-10 ℃ short-term low temperature and 35 ℃ short-term high temperature. Planting celery varieties for landlords in the north and south, especially suitable for small and medium-sized arch sheds in the north, improved sunny beds and solar greenhouses for delayed cultivation in winter, spring and autumn.

② celery: introduced from the United States, the plant height is about 90 cm, the degree of development is 42 cm × 34 cm, the petiole is green, up to 44 cm long, 2.38cm wide, 1.65cm thick, the base of the leaf sheath is 3.92cm wide, solid, tender and crisp, with few fibers. The average weight per plant is about 1 kg, and the raw and ripe plants are suitable. Late ripening, growing period of 100-120 days, cold and heat-resistant, and resistant to storage. Slightly infected with black heart disease, not easy to bolting. The plant-row spacing is slightly larger than that of this celery, and it is suitable to plant 8000 plants per mu with a distance of 25 cm × 25 cm.

Pest control of celery

Aphids are the main pests of overwintering cultivated celery, and the specific control methods are as mentioned earlier. The main diseases that have great influence on the yield and quality of celery are celery leaf spot and celery spot blight.

1. Celery leaf spot

[symptoms] celery leaf spot, also known as early blight, is mainly harmful to leaves. The first yellow-green water-stained spot, and then developed into a round or irregular shape, the size of 4-10 mm, the disease spot grayish brown, the edge color is slightly dark and unclear, and in severe cases, the disease spot expands and merges into patches, resulting in leaf death. Lesion on stem or petiole elliptic, 3-7 mm, grayish brown, slightly impressed. Serious disease of the whole plant lodging. When the humidity is high, the gray-white mildew layer grows in all the above-mentioned parts.

[control measures] disease-resistant varieties were selected for ①. Such as Jinnan Shiqin No. 1. ② soaked the seeds in 48 ℃ warm water for 30 minutes if necessary. ③ reasonable close planting, scientific irrigation, to prevent excessive humidity in the field. At the initial stage of ④, 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder is sprayed, or 77% can be sprayed with 5% chlorothalonil dust agent, 1 kg per mu, or 45% chlorothalonil smoke remover, 200g per mu, once every 9 days or so, 2-3 times continuously or alternately.

2. Celery spot blight

Celery spot blight has become an important disease of celery in winter and spring, which has a great impact on the yield and quality of celery.

[symptoms] celery spot blight is also called leaf blight. Leaves, petioles and stems can all be infected. One is that the old leaves get sick first. The disease spots on the leaves are mostly scattered, varying in size, 3-10 cm in diameter, light brown oil-stained spots at first, then gradually enlarged, brown necrosis in the middle, dark red on the outer edge and obvious in the healthy part, with a small number of small black spots scattered in the middle. The other is that it is not easy to distinguish from the former at first, and the back center is yellowish white or grayish white. There are many black particles on the edge, and there is often a yellow halo outside the spot, which varies in diameter. Petiole or stem infected, diseased spot brown, oblong slightly sunken, scattered black spots in the middle.

[control measures] ① was used to disinfect the seeds. ② should strengthen field management, avoid flood irrigation, and pay attention to cooling and dehumidification. Before the ridge sealing of ③ celery, there are 45% chlorothalonil pharynx fumigation, 200g-250g per mu, or spraying 5% chlorothalonil dust agent, 1kg per mu. In the early stage of ④, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder was sprayed, or 64% disinfectant alum was sprayed with 500x liquid, or 40% polysulfide suspension was sprayed once every 7-10 days for 2-3 times.