Planting time of green beans

Green beans are the alias of kidney beans, also known as kidney beans, lentils, beans, concanavalin, etc., annual herbs, is one of the common vegetables on the table. Kidney beans can be planted in spring and autumn, deeply loved by growers, and widely cultivated in the north and south of China.

Growing time of green beans

2-4(Autumn sowing can also be carried out in August-September). The specific spring sowing time is: Northeast China from late April to mid-May; Northwest and most of North China in April, northern plateau in early May; East China from late March to early April; Central China and most of Southwest China from late February to early March; Yunnan from late January to early February; South China from December to April of the following year. Autumn sowing: July to early August in North China and Northwest China; late July to early August in Central China; late July to early September in East China; early August in Southwest China; late August to October in South China.

Green bean growing environment

1, temperature: kidney beans like warm not frost resistance. The temperature range of seed germination is 20-30℃, and it cannot germinate below 10℃ or above 40℃. Seedlings are sensitive to temperature changes, short-term at 2-3℃ low temperature began to lose green, 0℃ is frozen.

2, light: belongs to short-day plants, but different varieties respond differently to photoperiod, can be divided into three categories: one is photoperiod sensitive type, two is photoperiod insensitive type, three is photoperiod moderately sensitive type.

3, water: kidney bean root system developed, more lateral roots, drought resistance and not waterlogging tolerance. Seed germination needs to absorb enough water, but too much water, soil oxygen, seeds easy to rot. The suitable field water holding capacity is 60-70% of the maximum water holding capacity during plant growth stage, and the suitable air relative humidity is 65-80% during flowering stage.

4, soil and nutrition: kidney bean is most suitable for deep soil, soft, humus and good drainage soil cultivation. Sandy loam soil, loam soil and clay soil can grow, not suitable for cultivation in low wetlands and good heavy clay soil. The appropriate pH is 6-7. It should not be too acidic or alkaline. Kidney bean absorbs more nitrogen and potassium and less phosphorus. It also requires a certain amount of calcium.

Planting time of different varieties of kidney beans

1. Dwarf kidney bean: in late February, seedling in cold bed nutrition bowl, seed amount per mu 3.5 kg. Planting in early April: ridge width 1 meter, ditch width 50 cm, planting 2 rows per ridge, hole spacing 23 cm, planting 2-4 plants in groups per hole. Harvested in late May to mid June, yield 750 - 1000 kg per mu.

2. Frame kidney bean: in early March, the varieties are "Fengshou No. 1" and "Xining kidney bean", etc., and the seedlings are sown in the cold bed nutrient bowl, with a seed amount of 2.5-3 kg per mu. In late March, plastic arch shed planting, row spacing 66 cm, hole spacing 26 cm, each hole planting 2 plants. Harvest in mid-May to mid-June, yield more than 1500 kg per mu.

Field management of kidney bean cultivation

1. Fertilizer and water management

① Green beans like dry and afraid of wet, especially in the sowing period if too wet, seeds will rot, do not emerge, so before sowing first in the hole irrigation appropriate water, after emergence, if the land is dry, then 5~6 days irrigation water; If the land is not dry, do not water; If the soil is too dry, ditch irrigation can be used, water layer reaches half ditch, do not irrigate overnight water; Pay attention to drainage on rainy days. During flowering and pod-setting period, keep the soil moist and irrigate more, but also prevent excessive water, which causes imbalance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth and flower drop due to excessive growth of plants. In rainy weather, drain well to achieve dry fields.

(2) Under suitable environmental conditions, the effect of early topdressing is more remarkable, but it is not suitable to apply too much nitrogen fertilizer or partial nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage. For direct seeding, the first topdressing should be applied when compound leaves appear. For seedling transplanting, the first topdressing should be applied 3~4 days after planting to restore seedling growth, and then topdressing should be applied 2~3 times. For creeping seeds, topdressing should be applied before vine pulling and frame setting. The topdressing rate is about 1500 kg/mu with 20%~30% thin rotten manure each time. It is best to add 2.5 kg of potassium sulfate and 2.5 kg of calcium superphosphate. The topdressing at pod stage increased with the order of flowering and pod initial stage and tender pod harvest stage, and the amount of fertilizer required by vine seed was larger than that of dwarf seed, and the number of fertilizer application was also more. At the early stage of flowering and pod formation of kidney beans, appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and topdressing is applied again at the peak stage of flowering and pod formation to meet the needs of rapid growth of fruit pods. The application amount is about 2500~5000 kg of human and animal feces and urine per mu, and calcium superphosphate should be added. 15 kg of dry water is added for dilution and irrigation. The wet soil is stirred for 1~3 times. The pod formation period of kidney beans is short, and no topdressing will be applied later. The pod bearing period of frame kidney bean is longer, and it should be applied 2~3 times according to the growth and pod bearing situation. In addition, at the peak of flowering and pod setting, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea were applied as top dressing and foliar spraying for 2~3 times, which had significant yield increase effect.

2. Cultivation and weeding

At the beginning of vine growth should be shallow cultivation 1~2 times, at the same time combined with weeding, after the general do not cultivate, if there is grass can be removed. If the soil is hardened, it can be loosened with hoe, but it cannot be close to the root. At the same time, it can be combined with soil cultivation for 1~2 times in the later stage, and the soil can be cultivated in the ditch. When the plant spreads, it is timely to set up a frame to lead the vine.

3. Disease control

In addition to adopting disease-resistant varieties, selecting fields without leguminous crops for more than two years, planting in high beds, rational topdressing, cleaning fields and removing plant residues, pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue can be selected for control.

(1) Anthracnose can be sprayed with 800 times of Fumite, 1000 times of Anthracnose No. 2, 1000 times of Shibao, 1000 times of Dakoning and 2000 times of Shigao.

(2) For root rot, 800 times of Dixong, 1000 times of Genhuning and 3000 times of Lvheng No. 1 could be selected, and 500 times more solution could be added.

(3) Preventive drugs should be applied to prevent and control epidemic diseases. 800 times of copper oxychloride, 1000 times of mancozeb and 1000 times of good life can be sprayed, once in seedling stage and 2~3 times in flowering and pod setting stage. At the initial stage of the disease, therapeutic agents can be used, such as 1000 times of Redomil, 1000 times of Jinlei Domil, 1000 times of antivirus alum, 1000 times of Anke liquid spray, in addition, the diseased plants should be removed in time.

(4) Rust can be controlled by spraying 300 times of sulfur suspension, 1000 times of thiophane, 1000 times of triadimefon, 2000 times of Shigao and 8000 times of amisida, and coal mildew can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of thiophane, 800 times of carbendazim, 1000 times of chlorothalonil and 1000 times of Fuxing alternately.

4. Pest control

(1) The most important thing to control pod borer is to "control flowers but not pods". It is necessary to apply pesticides at flowering stage (i.e. young insect stage) and master spraying at 6~9 a.m. when flowering. Dimehypo 1000 times, chlorpromazine 2000 times, Uranus 3000 times, Lesben 1000 times, Kungfu 2000 times and Batan 1000 times can be selected for spraying control.

(2) The aphids were mainly controlled by chemicals, such as 800 times of Kaphixing, 2000 times of aphids, 1500 times of high efficiency, 6000 times of Kangfuduo, 2000 times of Pyrimidone and 8000 times of Actay.

(3) The mites are mainly spider mites (red spider) and tea yellow mites (white spider). When 2%~5% of the leaves in the field are damaged by spider mites or the first leaf damaged by tea yellow mites appears in the field, spray should be used to control them. The control chemicals can be sprayed with 600 times of anti-mite 23, 800 times of Chaoli, 1000 times of Miprol and 1000 times of Mienke.