Efficient cultivation techniques of Morchella

Morchella, also known as Morchella, delicious Morchella, Tricholoma, Phyllostachys pubescens, is a precious edible and medicinal fungus. Morchella was discovered in 1818. Its structure is similar to that of disk bacteria, and the upper part is folded and reticulated, resembling both a beehive and a sheep tripe, hence the name. The yield of Morchella is particularly high in the two to three years after the wildfire, so pickers in North America collect Morchella according to the wildfire. However, when the fire is under control, its growth will decrease year after year in the same area.

Ecological condition

1. Temperature and humidity: Morchella is a low-temperature and high-humidity fungus, which often occurs after rain from March to May in spring and occasionally from August to September in autumn, but the number is very few. Morchella has a long growth period, which requires not only a lower temperature, but also a larger temperature difference, which can stimulate the differentiation of mycelium. The mycelium growth temperature is 21: 24 ℃, the head nucleus formation temperature is 16: 21 ℃, the fruiting body formation and development temperature is 4. 4-16 ℃, and the humidity is 65%-85%. For this reason, the cultivation time should be from November to December as far as possible.

2. Sunshine: the weak scattered light is beneficial to the growth and development of the fruiting body, while the strong direct light has a bad effect.

3. Soil: the soil PH should be about 6.5-7.5, neutral or slightly alkaline is beneficial to the growth of Morchella. Morchella often grows in limestone or chalk soil. In humus soil, black, yellow loam and sandy mixed soil can grow.

4. Air: Morchella seldom occurs in dark and thick deciduous layer, that is, the quality of Morchella is poor. Adequate oxygen is essential for the normal growth and development of Morchella.

Cultivation techniques

1. Formula of cultivation materials

① sawdust 75%, wheat bran 20%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, humus 3%.

② cottonseed hull 75%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, humus 3%.

③ corncob 40% (crushed), sawdust 20%, bean hull 15%, wheat bran 20%, phosphorus

Fertilizer 1%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%, plant ash 2%. You can choose one of the above three kinds of training materials. The ratio of material to water is 1 ∶ 1.3, and the water content is kept at 60%.

2. Cultivation methods

(1) unbagged cultivation of clinker

Mix the material and fill it with 17 × 33cm polypropylene or polyethylene plastic bags of about 500 grams each, then sterilized under high pressure or atmospheric pressure. After sterilization, it was inoculated and cultured in 22-25 ℃. After the mycelium was full in bag, the culture was extended for 5-6 days, so that the mycelium could be fully grown.

① indoor off-pack cultivation. After disinfection of the mushroom room, first spread a piece of plastic film on each layer of the bed, then spread the humus soil thick with 3cm, and then arrange the bacterial sticks removed from the plastic bags on the bed one by one, usually 40 on the bed surface of 1 square meter. After discharging the bacterial sticks, you can spray water once to cover the soil 3~5cm, and then cover the surface with 2cm thick deciduous trees to keep the soil moist. The air humidity is 85% and 95%, generally for more than a month. The fruiting body can be formed when the temperature is 4.4-16 ℃.

② outdoor unbagged cultivation. The bacterial sticks cultivated indoors can also be transferred to outdoor cultivation. Select woodland with light of 3 yang and 7 yin as border, border width 1m, deep 20~25cm, unlimited length, spray or lightly water once after finishing the border, and kill pests and miscellaneous bacteria with 10% lime water. The method of removing bags and expelling bacteria sticks is the same as indoor cultivation, except that the bottom layer can not be covered with plastic film, but we should pay attention to the temperature change in the border to prevent direct sunlight.

(2) Outdoor raw material cultivation

Outside, choose 3-yang, 7-yin or half-yang, loose and moist soil, good drainage, dig deep into the pit of 20~25cm, wet the bottom of the pit first, wet any of the ingredients above, weigh well, mix well with water, spread a layer of material at the bottom, flatten it with about 4~5cm, break it into walnut-sized bacteria blocks with 2 bags of bacteria (12 × 28 cm) per square meter, spread them evenly on the material, and then cover them with thin layer of fine humus soil. Then lay the second layer of material on it, and the thickness is still thick.

For 4~5cm, flattened and then sown by the same method. After sowing, it is covered with loose humus soil with a thickness of 3~5cm, and then covered with a layer of broad-leaved leaves to keep warm and moisturizing. Sprinkle some water properly after the cover, and cover some branches on the leaves in order to prevent human or livestock trampling and bright light.

Post-planting management

Because Morchella is a kind of wet fungus, it is important to maintain humidity throughout its growing period. In outdoor cultivation, in winter, especially in early spring, Rain Water is more, the humidity is higher, and the temperature is suitable, the mycelium grows well, the sclerotia is easy to form, and the fruiting body grows well. If drought occurs during the growing period, especially in early spring, timely watering and moisturizing is necessary. The temperature of 4 / 16 ℃ in early spring can stimulate the formation of fruiting body of Herba Euphorbiae. If the temperature changes sharply, such as cold below 4 ℃ or temperature exceeding 16 ℃, it will affect the formation and development of fruiting body, so it is very necessary to create good conditions for sclerotia formation and growth and development of fruiting body. In a word, maintaining a certain temperature and suitable humidity for Morchella in early spring is the key to successful cultivation.

Picking and preservation

After the fruiting body was unearthed for 7-10 days, it grew and matured, and the general color changed from dark gray to light gray or brownish yellow, and the honeycomb depression on the surface of the cover was fully extended to harvest. After harvest, the soil should be cleaned, dried or dried in time, sealed and preserved in plastic bags.