Cultivation techniques of asparagus

Asparagus alias asparagus, asparagus, Liliaceae Tianmen winter, perennial root herbs. Asparagus is fed with tender stems, rich nutrition, crisp and tender texture, fragrant and delicious, can be eaten fresh, can also be processed to make cans, is a kind of high-grade fine dishes, and is one of the top ten famous dishes in the world. It is rich in vitamins and minerals, as well as asparagine and aspartic acid, as well as glucoside, folic acid, nucleic acid and other substances. Often eating asparagus has a certain curative effect on heart disease, hypertension, cystitis, diabetes and leukemia, and can inhibit the development of cancer cells. It is called anti-cancer health vegetables.

Botanical characteristics

Although asparagus is perennial, the aboveground stems and leaves die every winter with low temperature and frost, overwintering with underground roots, and new stems are drawn from underground when the temperature rises from March to April of the following year, and the newly extracted tender stems, namely asparagus, are well managed, and the harvest time can be as long as more than 10 years.

Requirements for environmental conditions

1. Temperature

Asparagus can adapt to a wide range of temperature, the suitable temperature for seed germination is 25-30 ℃, the best temperature for vegetative growth is 20-30 ℃, the growth is slow below 15 ℃, the occurrence of tender stem is less, the tender stem bark is easy to fibrosis, the shoot tip is easy to spread, the quality is poor, and stop growing above 35 ℃.

2. Lighting

Asparagus is a light-loving plant, which requires strong light, sufficient sunshine, luxuriant branches and leaves, and photosynthesis is closely related to temperature. The high temperature season is disadvantageous to the growth of asparagus, and long-term overcast and rain also has an effect on the yield of asparagus.

3. Soil

Asparagus is the role of deep roots, and young stems need to cultivate soil to shade, should choose the deep soil layer, loose and fertile, rich in organic matter sandy loam. PH5, 8-6, 5 are the best.

Cultivation techniques

1. Sowing and raising seedlings

The sowing time of ① is from March to April in spring and from August to September in autumn.

② seed treatment

Put the seeds in a 400-fold solution of 50% carbendazim or 70% topiramate, keep the water temperature at 25-30%, disinfect for 24 hours, then clean them with clean water, and soak the seeds in warm water of about 30 ℃ for 2-3 days. After fully absorbing water, the seeds are then wrapped with gauze or towels in a warm box or warm place to accelerate germination, during which they should be sprayed or rinsed frequently, and the seeds can be sown after 2-3 days of exposure.

③ seedbed preparation

The seedling bed should be well drained, loose and permeable loam or sandy loam. According to the seedling bed, the bottom fertilizer should be applied with high quality farm manure 1500-200kg, urea 10kg, calcium 7kg, potassium sulfate 6kg, and then turned into the soil layer and mixed with the soil.

④ sowing method

The amount of seed used for sowing is about 10kg per mu, and sowing on demand and strip sowing needs about 1kg per mu. After sowing, the border is covered with straw or pine hair, then watered evenly with a spray can, and seedlings begin to emerge 15-20 days after sowing.

⑤ seedbed management

After 80% of the seeds are unearthed, the mulch can be removed one after another, pay attention to washing water, weeding and topdressing, and timely control of underground pests are found.

The pseudo-planting of ⑥ seedlings was carried out when the seedlings were about as high as 10cm.

2. Colonization

① selected sites to dig trenches

The planting land should be loam or sandy loam with leeward and sunny direction, low groundwater level and convenient drainage and irrigation. Dig sunflower, mature soil, and then dig planting ditch according to row spacing of 1 and 5 m, ditch depth 50cm, ditch width 40cm, bottom width 50cm. Asparagus should be re-applied base fertilizer, first fill the surface soil about 10cm in the ditch, then apply 4000-5000kg, compound fertilizer or oil-withered 100-150kg weekly, calcium 50kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, carbofuran 2kg to control underground pests, mix well, and then backfill the topsoil all 20cm, mix and step on. Finally, the topsoil is backfilled into the ditch, but the ditch surface is still about 10cm lower than the border surface.

②, planting period and density

Spring sowing seedlings were planted from May to June, and autumn sowing seedlings were planted from March to April of the following year. The row spacing of white asparagus is 1, 6-1, 8 m, plant spacing is 30-35cm, 1000-1200 plants per mu, green asparagus row spacing is 1, 4-1, 5 m, plant spacing is 20-25cm,

③ cut off a part of the stems and leaves of the selected asparagus seedlings and left them for 20 cm. According to the fixed plant distance, the root group was pulled apart and extended obliquely around. The soil cover should not be too deep once. After survival, combined with ploughing and weeding, it was better to cover the soil twice, so that the root disk was buried under the soil for 10-15 cm.

3. Field management

Management of newly planted seedlings in ①

Fertilizer can be topdressing one month after planting, mainly clear dung water, once in the next two months, the concentration can be increased appropriately, ploughing and loosening soil to weed, combined with shallow soil cultivation for 1-2 times, to prevent root exposure, and all the tender stems grown in the same year should be retained.

② removed the flower and fruit of female plant.

Because the female plant consumes a lot of nutrients and affects the yield of the current year and the next year, it should be removed as soon as possible.

③ irrigation and topdressing

During the period of bamboo shoot harvesting, irrigation should be ensured without drought, usually once every 7-10 days, and the highest yield is after 3-4 years. It is necessary to re-apply autumn fertilizer and winter fertilizer based on organic fertilizer every year, pay attention to avoid partial application of N fertilizer, and make a reasonable combination of N, P and K.

4. Major diseases and insect pests

There are many diseases and insect pests that harm asparagus, among which stem blight is the most harmful, in addition, there are brown spot, rust, root rot and so on. The main pests are Spodoptera litura, small tigers, grubs and so on.

5. Harvest

But a small amount of harvest began in the second year. Every morning or evening, when the tender stem was 15-20cm high, it was cut off with a sharp knife at 1-2cm from the soil surface and wrapped with a wet towel. All young stems, big or small, must be picked at each harvest.