High efficient cultivation techniques of Lotus Root

Lotus root belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae, which is slightly sweet and crisp, can be eaten raw or cooked, and has high medicinal value. Its roots, leaves, flowers and fruits are all treasures and can be nourished and used as medicine. The powder made from lotus root can relieve diarrhea, appetizer, clear heat, nourish and prevent internal bleeding. it is a good liquid food and nourishing Jiazhen for women, children, women, weak and sick people. This key point stipulates the variety selection, production site conditions, cultivation, water level control, daily management and pest control measures for lotus root cultivation.

Cultivated variety

Shallow water lotus root: suitable for cultivation of lotus root varieties with water depth of 5~30cm

1. Seed lotus root: lotus root used for sowing. With variety characteristics, full lotus root head, complete terminal bud, enlarged lotus root, small lotus root node, stout, pest-free and bright-colored mother lotus root, or sturdy lotus root with at least 2 fully mature lotus roots with complete terminal bud.

2. Loam: high quality humus planting soil.

3. Lotus whip: the first thin part of the rhizome.

Environmental conditions of producing area

Loam with sufficient water source, flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation and rich organic matter is required.

Production management measures

Variety selection: select varieties with suitable maturity, high quality, high yield, strong stress resistance and in line with the consumption habits of the target market.

(1) soil preparation

1. The application of base fertilizer. Before ploughing (about 10 days before planting), 2500 ~ 3000 tons of rotten manure was applied every 667 tons, raked flat in time, and 50 tons of quicklime was applied every 667 tons to disinfect the lotus root pond to prevent the invasion of bacteria.

2. Select the lotus root field and straighten it out. Precocious lotus root requires loam fields with good water source, sufficient sunshine, good water quality, soil fertilizer and thick soil layer. 10 days before planting in the field, the ploughing depth is 30 to 35 feet, and the weeds are required to be ploughed in the ground and raked flat (the flatness is required to be ±2 feet).

(2) colonization

1. Prepare before planting. Before planting, the ditch should be cleaned up, and the water level of the drain should be lower than the field water level to facilitate drainage.

2. Planting time. When the daily average temperature is about 15 ℃, it is usually the first and middle ten days of April.

3. Planting density. The planting density was about 667 × 250 plants and the row spacing was 150 × 200 plants. 4. The method of planting. First, the seed lotus root was placed in the field according to the row distance of 150 "× 200" plant, and the bud heads of each plant were staggered between rows and rows, with the bud heads inward around, and the rest of the rows to one side. The bud head in the field should be uniform. When planting, insert the front part of the lotus root into the mud at an oblique angle of 25 °, and the tail is slightly above the water surface for 1 / 2 degrees. Plant lotus root as you dig it.

(3) Field management

1. Water depth management. Before ploughing, the water level should be controlled at about 2: 3, and after raking, the water level should be controlled at about 5: 8, the water depth from planting to budding is 5: 8, and the water depth from standing leaves to harvest is 10: 15. When there is a large amount of irrigation water in time during drought, the water level should be strictly controlled.

2. Topdressing. In general, lotus root should be fertilized two or three times: when 1 or 2 standing leaves grow after the first planting, 1000-1500 mature manure should be applied. When the second row was closed (about 30 days after planting), the rotten manure of 1000 ~ 1500 days was applied. For the third time, compound fertilizer was applied every 667-50 days in late June.

3. The method of fertilization. When fertilizing, first adjust the water depth to 3: 5, mix the manure and water evenly, and adjust the water to the required water depth after 1-2 days.

4. Weeding. Before planting, it should be combined with ploughing and soil preparation to remove weeds. In the process of cultivation, there are three times of artificial weeding: when planting, when standing leaves are born, when closing the row, the artificial weeding method pulls up the weeds, wound them into a ball, and steps all the grass head down into the mud.

5. Turn the lotus root. In order to make the lotus whip evenly distributed in the field, or to prevent the lotus whip from crossing the ridge of the field, the lotus whip from the denser growing area should be transplanted to a sparse place during the second weeding. The lotus whip is tender and should be operated with special care so as not to break it.

6. Harvest. The lotus root is generally harvested in mid-late July and the lotus stalk is cut off about 10 days before harvest to reduce lotus root rust. Adjust the water depth to 3'5 'for easy harvesting.

Pest control

(1) principles of prevention and control

"give priority to prevention and comprehensive control", give priority to agricultural control, physical control, biological control, and cooperate with scientific and rational use of chemical control, so as to achieve the goal of safe production, high quality and no pollution. The use of pesticides with high toxicity, high residues, high biological enrichment and their mixtures prohibited by the state is strictly prohibited. The application of pesticides strictly complies with the regulations of GB4286 and GB/T8321.

(2) cultivation and control

1. Disease-resistant varieties were selected.

2. Pay attention to fertilizer and water management, cultivate strong seedlings and improve plant disease resistance.

(3) Pesticide control

1. The main diseases of lotus root are lotus root rot and brown spot, which can be prevented by spraying with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-800 times.

2. The main pests are aphids, which can be sprayed with 400-fold solution of avermectin (biological pesticide) or 500-fold solution of Lvdi No.1 (biological pesticide).

3. Chironomus can be sprayed with 1500 times of imidacloprid. The safety interval was 15 days.

4. When using chemical pesticides, the relevant regulations of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts) should be implemented.

5. rational mixed use and alternate use of agents with different action mechanisms to overcome and postpone the emergence of drug resistance to diseases and insects.

6. Pesticides are generally applied after 4 o'clock in the afternoon, which can prevent drug damage.