Cultivation techniques of potted Tomato

Preparation of cultivated soil

To prepare nutritious soil according to a certain proportion, the porosity of nutritious soil is required to be about 60%. Contains more than 100 mg / kg of available phosphorus, more than 100 mg / kg of available potassium, 150 mg / kg of available nitrogen, loose, fertilizer and water conservation, complete nutrition. Spread the prepared nutrient soil evenly in the seeding bed (10 cm thick), or in the seedling tray.

Environmental condition requirements

1. Temperature. Tomato is a temperature-loving vegetable. Under normal conditions, the optimum temperature for assimilation is 20: 25 ℃, and the optimum soil temperature for root growth is 20: 22 ℃. Increasing soil temperature can not only promote root development, but also significantly increase the content of nitrate nitrogen in soil, accelerate growth and development, and increase yield.

2. Light. Tomato is a light-loving crop, the light saturation point is 70000lx, and the suitable light intensity is 30000~50000lx. Tomato is a short-day plant, which basically requires short-day sunshine in the process of changing from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, but the requirement is not strict. Some varieties can bud and blossom in advance under short-day sunshine, while most varieties blossom earlier under 11-13 h sunshine. Plant growth is robust.

3. Moisture. Tomatoes need more water, but they do not have to be irrigated frequently. Generally, the soil moisture is 60% 80% and the air humidity 45% 50%. The high humidity in the air not only hinders the normal pollination, but also causes serious disease under the condition of high temperature and humidity.

4. Soil and nutrition. Tomatoes do not have strict requirements on soil conditions, but in order to achieve high yield and promote good root development, tomatoes need to absorb a large number of nutrients from the soil during the growth process. According to Ezelistan, each production of 5000kg fruit needs to absorb potassium oxide 33kg, nitrogen 10kg, phosphate 5kg from the soil.

Cultivation and management techniques

1. Growth period management. It includes measures such as ploughing and weeding, storing water and preserving soil moisture, tying up vines, pruning and pruning, removing old leaves, ventilation and transparent light, strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, strengthening temperature management and so on. Temperature management is to appropriately increase the ventilation rate of the shed during the day to keep the temperature in the shed at about 25 ℃. The night temperature is kept between 10 and 13 ℃. At the beginning of the vent, the vent should be from small to large, from less to more, and gradually reduce or close the tuyere after the temperature drops in the afternoon.

2. Fertilizer and water management. Tomatoes generally do not need to be watered during the summer and autumn rainy season, but they should also be watered properly when 1-3 ears are ripe. According to the growth of tomato plants, topdressing should be applied timely to promote fruit development and protect flowers and fruits. Generally, as base fertilizer, microbial fertilizer can be applied, and topdressing can be applied with Bei Zhuang seedling agent and Zengtianling to make it look more beautiful and delicious. Conditional application of bean cake, cottonseed cake and other cake fertilizer.

3. Pruning management. In the process of tomato growth, buds grow from each leaf axil, and the buds below the first inflorescence should be removed in time, so as not to affect nutrition consumption, fruit lighting and yield. After leaving 4-6 inflorescences per plant, the tomato plant will be pinched to the top to control nutrition and supply only fruit to ensure yield.