Planting techniques of leek

Leek, a perennial herb of the Liliaceae, is used in medicine with seeds and leaves. It has the effects of invigorating the stomach, invigorating and stopping sweating and astringent, tonifying the kidney and helping yang, solidifying essence and so on. In traditional Chinese medicine, leek has a very loud name called "aphrodisiac grass", and some people call leek "intestinal lavage grass". Not only that, but leek also has many names. Leek is also called grass stalactite, sunrise grass, long grass, also known as flat vegetables.

Pre-broadcast preparation

Dry seed direct seeding (mainly spring sowing) can be used. You can also soak the seeds in 30-40 ℃ warm water for 8-12 hours, remove impurities and shrunken seeds, wash the mucus on the seeds and wrap them with a wet cloth, accelerate germination in an environment of 15-20 ℃, rinse with clean water 1-2 times a day, and sow 50% of the seeds when they are exposed (mainly in summer and autumn).

Soil preparation and fertilization

1. Land preparation. Before sowing, the soil is ploughed less than 20 cm, combined with fertilization, fine rake after ploughing, leveling to make the bed, where there are conditions, it can be cultivated in high ridges to facilitate drainage or flat cultivation.

2. Fertilization. Combined with soil preparation, 5000-6000 kg of high-quality mature organic fertilizer, 6 kg of urea, 10 kg of superphosphate or compound fertilizer converted according to this ratio should be applied per mu.

Sowing seeds

1. Sowing time. After the soil is thawed, the Autumn Equinox can sow seeds at any time, usually from late March to early May, suitable for sowing in spring and early rather than late in summer.

2. Sowing rate. It takes 4-5 kilograms per mu. Seedling transplanting in open field is 1.5-2kg.

3. Sowing method. Before sowing, first pick up a part of the soil on the surface of the border (sifted for sowing and cover the soil), then shallow hoe and hold flat, first irrigate the bottom water, about 3.3 cm deep, and then pour 3.3 cm deep water after the water seeps down. After the water seeps down, spread the seeds evenly, then cover the soil about 1.5 cm, and flatten it with a tooth rake the next day to keep the topsoil loose and moist, which is conducive to seed germination. After sowing, cover with plastic film to preserve soil moisture, after more than 30% of the seeds emerge, remove the plastic film in time to prevent burning seedlings, and find white lodging, it is necessary to add some moist soil.

Some also adopt the "dry sowing method". Dry sowing means that dry seeds without budding are directly seeded on the seedbed. Spread the seeds into a small shallow trench with a width of 10 cm and a depth of about 1.6 cm on the arranged seedbed, then gently sweep the ditch with a broom and compact it, then water it again, and water it again 2-3 days later. Keep the soil moist before and after the seeds are unearthed.

Post-broadcast management

1. Watering and topdressing. Combined with watering and topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer for 2-3 times and applying 6-8 kg urea per mu, it is generally not harvested before planting in order to promote the root cultivation of leek seedlings and reach the standard of strong seedlings.

2. The standard of strong seedling. General seedling age 80-90 days, seedling height 15-20 cm, single plant disease-free insect, no lodging phenomenon.

3. Weeding. After emergence, the weeds were pulled manually in time to remove the diseased and residual plants. You can also control Monocotyledon weeds with herbicides such as quizalofop and herbicide, or spray the border with 30% herbicide EC 100-150 grams per mu and 50 kg water before emergence after sowing.

Colonization

1. Planting time. Spring sowing seedlings should be planted after the Summer Solstice, and summer sowing seedlings should be planted before and after Greater Heat. When planting, the high wet season should be staggered, so it is not conducive to slow seedling growth after planting.

2. Planting method. Raise the leek, cut the fibrous root (only 2-3 cm), and cut the leaf tip (10 cm long). Planting 7-10 seedlings per hole in the border according to row spacing 18-20 cm and hole spacing 10 cm, suitable for green leek; trenching according to row spacing 30-36 cm, ditch depth 16-20 cm, hole spacing 16 cm, planting 20-30 seedlings per hole, suitable for the production of softening leek, the cultivation depth is suitable to bury tiller nodes.

Field management

1. Temperature management. After the shed is sealed, keep 20-24 ℃ during the day and 12-14 ℃ at night. When the plant height is more than 10 cm, it should be kept at 16-20 ℃ during the day, and the temperature in the greenhouse should be kept cool and humid when the temperature exceeds 24 ℃. The heat preservation should be strengthened in small arch shed cultivation in winter, and it should be kept above 6 ℃ at night.

2. Fertilizer and water management. After planting, when new roots and new leaves appear, they can be topdressing and watering. 10-15 kg urea per mu should be applied with water. At the 4-leaf stage of seedlings, water should be controlled to prevent overgrowth, and mid-tillage and weeding should be strengthened. When tillering begins at the 6-leaf stage, the phenomenon of root jumping occurs (the rhizome of the tiller is in the upper part of the original rhizome), and sand mulching, soil pressing or ridge cultivation can be carried out to prevent the root system from exposing the soil surface. When the seedling is 20 cm high, stop topdressing and watering in preparation for harvest. After the beginning of harvest, each harvest, one fertilizer, after harvest, when the plant height reached 10 cm, combined with soil cultivation, the application of available nitrogen fertilizer, topdressing urea 8 kg per mu. When the weather turns cool, you should stop watering and pour frozen water once before freezing.

Pest control

1. Principle of prevention and control. In accordance with the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control", we adhere to the principle of harmless prevention and control, which is dominated by agricultural control, physical control and biological control, supplemented by chemical control. Pesticides shall not be used with high toxicity, high residue and high grade three (teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic) pesticides and their mixtures prohibited by the state.

2. Agricultural prevention and control. Strengthen ploughing and weeding, clean the countryside, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and improve stress resistance.

3. Physical control. Using sugar, wine, vinegar, water and 90% trichlorfon crystals to trap and kill adults, sugar, wine, vinegar, water and 90% trichlorfon crystals are made into a solution in the proportion of 3-1-10-0. 5, 1-3 boxes per mu, added at any time, keep dry, trap and kill all kinds of flies.

Chemical control

1. Leek maggot

① was applied on the ground. During the peak period of adults, 2.5% trichlorfon powder was applied along the ridge, 2-2.6kg per mu, or 1000 times phoxim EC or 2.5% deltamethrin EC was sprayed at 9-11:00, or 75% cypermethrin EC was sprayed after watering promoted the ascending of pests, 6-10 grams per mu.

② root filling. Chemical root irrigation was carried out in the early spring in the first and middle of April and late autumn in the first and middle of October. Use 1.1% matrine powder 2-4 kg per mu, 1000-2000 kg water, or 1000 kg of 50% phoxim EC or 48% Lesbon EC 1000 kg per mu, irrigate the root once. The method of filling root. Peel off the topsoil near the leek rhizome, spray the leek root with a sprayer that removes the sprinkler, and cover the soil immediately after spraying.

2. Leaf miner. From the peak spawning period to the early stage of larval hatching, spray 5000-7000 times of cyclamide or 1500-2000 times of deltamethrin, 20% fenvalerate or other pyrethroid pesticides.

3. Thrips. In the peak period of larval occurrence, spray 50% phoxim EC 1000 times or 10% imidacloprid 4000 times or 30% acetamiprid 3000 times or 2.5% deltamethrin pesticides 1500-2000 times.

4. Grey mold

① smoking method. Use 45% chlorothalonil or prohydantoin smoke agent, 110 grams per mu or 10% tofu smoke 260-300 grams, put it in 5-6 places, light it in the evening and close the shed overnight.

② dust method. Use 6.5% carbendazim dust, 1 kg per mu, spray once every 7 days. Spray twice in a row.

③ powder spray method. Spray 1000 times of 50% Sukeling wettable powder or 1000-1600 times of isobaric urea wettable powder or 65% sulfur bacteria and 1000 times of aldicarb wettable powder, once every 7 days, twice in a row.

5. Epidemic disease

① dust method. The same as gray mold.

At the initial stage of ②, 25% metalaxyl wettable powder or 50% metalaxyl copper wettable powder or 72% urea manganese zinc wettable powder and 60% ethyl succinate aluminum wettable powder were sprayed or sprayed into the root or spray, once every 10 days, and used alternately for 2-3 times.

6. Rust

At the initial stage of the disease, 15% verapamil wettable powder 1000-1500 times liquid or 25% enemy demulsifiable oil 3000 times solution, about 10 days once, even spraying twice, can also be prevented and treated with diniconazole, triazole and so on.

Timely harvest

Planting that year focused on "raising roots and strong seedlings" not harvested, if there are leek flowers should be picked in time. The leek can be harvested when it grows to about 25 centimeters. Choose the morning harvest on a sunny day, when the knife is 2-4 cm from the ground, the cut should be yellow, and the cut should be neat and consistent, generally harvesting every 20-25 days. The tools used in the harvest should be clean, hygienic and pollution-free.