Planting technique of kidney bean

Kidney beans can be planted in both spring and autumn, which are deeply loved by growers and are widely planted in the north and south of our country. Kidney beans in early spring in Chengdu Plain can be sown after February 10 and harvested in mid-late April. In other places, the appropriate sowing time can be chosen according to the temperature and planting habits. The seed amount of kidney bean 667 was 4 kg and 3000 nests were planted (4 seedlings per litter). The yield was about 3000 kg and the output value was about 3000 yuan.

Selection of varieties

When planting green beans in early spring, varieties with cold resistance, strong disease resistance, high yield and good quality should be selected.

Soil selection

Kidney beans do not have high requirements for soil, no matter loam and sandy soil can grow well, as long as the fields with good drainage and irrigation can be planted, but fertile soil can achieve high yield.

Seedling raising technology and seedling stage management

1. Green beans are planted in greenhouse because of their strong cold tolerance and no need for high temperature (the temperature above 25 ℃ has an effect on the differentiation of flower buds).

(1) Seedling raising time. Planting in the shed can be sown around February 10.

(2) whole compartment. First refine the seedbed and make it into a chamber with a width of 1.2 meters and a groove depth of 20 centimeters. The length of the chamber can be determined according to the amount of sowing. Pour the bottom water, then smooth the surface with a sand board, bounce it into a 9 cm wide line with a nylon rope, then cut it into a 9 cm × 9 cm square with a knife, and pick a 1-2 cm deep nest in the middle of the square.

(3) sowing

① seedlings: sow 4 seeds in the checkered nest and cover with a handful of fine soil. Fields with underground pests can be watered with phoxim 1000 times the solution. After finishing the first compartment, lay a layer of plastic film on it, cover the shed, and so on, the plastic film can be removed after the seedlings break the soil. If there is a sun, the shed can also be opened. When the seedlings grow to 2 true leaves, they can be planted in the shed (no shed, only plastic film can be sown and transplant 10 days later).

② live broadcast: string beans can also be broadcast in the field, but the sowing time should be postponed to after February 25th. Open the compartment of the fertilized field 1.4 meters, press the distance between 35 cm and 40 cm, direct broadcast two rows in each compartment (20 cm from the side of the box), put 4 seeds in each litter, and then cover with soil. After sowing, lay the plastic film flat on it, press it with mud all around, and wait for the seedlings to be unearthed, aim at the seedlings and tear a hole in the film to draw the seedlings out. If the soil is dry, dig the nest first, pour clear water, and wait for the water to dry before sowing the seeds.

Field arrangement and fertilization

1. Field arrangement

① weeding: artificial weeding or chemical weeding can be used in fields with heavy grass damage. Chemical weeding can choose Nongda, Ke Wuzhen and other herbicides, sprayed in the open space after harvest, 25-30kg of water per 667m2 50ml. The whole box can be ploughed in 7 days.

② soil disinfection: fields with more diseases can be sprayed with 3-5 grams of carbendazim or 100kg quicklime per 667m2, and then ploughed and mixed.

③ pests: the fields with more soil pests can be sprinkled with phoxim.

2. Fertilization. One-time application of sufficient fertilizer can no longer increase topdressing in the future, which saves both labor and time, and the effect is also good. The specific fertilization formula is as follows, and one can be chosen according to the actual situation:

① 667A applied 3000 kg of mature human and animal manure, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25 kg of potash fertilizer and 10 kg of urea.

② 667A applied 1000 kg of rotten farm manure, 100kg of rotten oil, 50kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10kg of urea.

③ 667A applied 3000 kg of cooked chicken and duck manure, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 20 kg of potash fertilizer.

3. Open the box. After the fertilizer is evenly applied to the field, the fertilizer is evenly mixed into the soil by tractor or cattle ploughing, and then the whole box is planted in the small shed, which is generally 1.5 meters (ditch) open, with a depth of 20 cm.

Transplanting and management

1. Transplanting

Before transplanting, dig a nest on the surface of the box, two rows in each compartment (the center of the nest is 25 cm away from the edge of the box), and the distance between the nest is 35 cm-40 cm. When transplanting, the topsoil of checkered seedlings should be parallel to the surface of the box. Pour enough water to fix the roots, spread the plastic film, and draw out the seedlings. then pour a small amount of water on the plastic film to cover the shed. (the length of the bamboo sheet in the shed is equal to the width of the film, and the width of the bamboo sheet is 2 cm. One piece can be inserted 1.5 meters apart. )

2. Set up a frame

Green beans generally grow to 20 cm can be set up, each nest to use a shelf (the shelf should not be less than 2.5 meters) to build a herringbone frame, fixed with a crossbar in the middle.

3. Harvest

It is appropriate to harvest pods and beans from flat to round, too young harvest will affect the yield and too late harvest will reduce the quality.

Pest control

Due to the low temperature and less diseases and insect pests, kidney beans in early spring can be mixed with chlorothalonil, trimethoprim, thiophanate, dichlorvos, dichlorvos, quick killing and other insecticidal. It can be prevented and treated for 2-3 times. If there are more diseases and insect pests in the later stage, the medicine should be used twice more. The main diseases and insect pests of green beans are:

1. Brown spot

[symptoms] irregular black spots appear on the leaves, which are gradually enlarged and perforated.

[control method] anthrax Ling and Hei Xingling can be sprayed alternately.

2. Rust and powdery mildew

[symptoms] Brown rust spots appeared on the leaves, then gradually expanded, and frost-like gray appeared on the leaves of powdery mildew.

[control method] Chlorothalonil and trimethoprim can be used to control alternately.

3. Insect pests

There are mainly aphids, bugs, ladybugs. It can be prevented and treated with drugs such as enemy killing, dichlorvos, quick killing, agricultural music and so on.